NFCC demands action over lithium-ion batteries as use outpaces safety standards

by Featured NewsSafety

Lithium-ion batteries driving new UK fire risks

The National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) has warned that rising use of lithium-ion batteries in UK homes is outpacing current product safety standards and called for urgent government action to address the resulting fire risks.

In a statement issued on Wednesday 19 November 2025, NFCC said lithium-ion battery fires can be explosive, spread quickly and produce toxic gases with a high risk of reignition.

The organisation warned that these incidents place the public, firefighters, property and the wider environment at increased risk.

NFCC has published new recommendations aimed at strengthening safety across lithium-ion-battery-powered consumer products and related energy technologies.

The council wants ministers to use existing and new regulatory powers to tighten product safety rules, including for items sold online.

It is also calling for better systems to dispose of batteries safely and new investment in research to help fire and rescue services manage these incidents.

NFCC said a coordinated national public information campaign is needed so that people understand how misuse, unsafe charging and product modification can raise the likelihood of lithium-ion battery fires.

Data on growing e-bike and e-scooter fire risks

NFCC reported that lithium-ion batteries are now embedded in a wide range of everyday products, including electric toothbrushes, tools, toys, mobile phones, tablets, laptops and vapes.

They also power personal light electric vehicles (PLEVs) such as e-bikes and e-scooters, as well as electric vehicles (EVs).

While NFCC described these technologies as important for a low-carbon future, it stressed that fires involving lithium-ion batteries are complex, produce toxic and potentially explosive vapours and carry a serious risk of reignition.

According to Prevention of Future Death reports cited by NFCC, at least six fatalities since 2023 have been linked to e-bike and e-scooter fires.

Between January 2021 and September 2023, a search of free-text entries in the Government’s Incident Recording System found 139 fire records that mentioned e-bikes and 124 that referred to e-scooters.

The Government has acknowledged that this dataset may be incomplete, and NFCC believes the true number of lithium-ion battery incidents is higher.

London Fire Brigade attended 179 fires involving e-bikes or e-scooters in 2023 and in 2024 the Office for Product Safety and Standards received reports of 211 such fires, close to half of which occurred indoors.

NFCC noted that reporting to the Office for Product Safety and Standards is voluntary, so these figures are likely to be an underestimate.

Product Safety and Metrology Act powers welcomed

NFCC has linked its lithium-ion battery concerns to the new Product Safety and Metrology Act 2025, which has recently received Royal Assent.

The act gives Government powers to introduce enforceable safety rules for products such as e-bikes and e-scooters, including items sold through online marketplaces.

NFCC said these powers could be used to reduce the fire risks associated with lithium-ion batteries if they are implemented promptly and effectively.

The council welcomed the legislation but said urgent work is still needed to close existing safety gaps and ensure the powers are used to protect people and firefighters.

NFCC is also asking policymakers to recognise wider fire safety issues linked to emerging energy technologies beyond lithium-ion batteries, covering the full range of new storage and charging systems.

It argued that regulatory frameworks need to be flexible and able to adapt at pace as energy technology changes.

NFCC recommendations on Lithium-ion batteries and wider energy risks

In its Fire Risks in Energy Technologies Position Statements, NFCC set out a series of actions it wants Government and regulators to take.

It called for mandatory product safety rules and third-party testing for personal light electric vehicles.

NFCC also wants online marketplaces to be regulated so that all lithium-ion battery products sold in the UK must meet designated safety standards.

The council recommended a safe, accessible disposal regime for lithium-ion batteries, including damaged units, to reduce the chance of unsafe storage or handling.

It urged updates to Building Regulations guidance so that the fire risks from storing and charging energy technologies in homes and public places are fully addressed.

NFCC said fire and rescue service advice should be considered and responded to when services are consulted on fire safety risks, including comments under the Fire Safety Order during Building Regulations processes.

The council has asked for national public awareness campaigns on the safe use and disposal of lithium-ion-battery-powered products and for ongoing research funding to improve firefighting tactics and training for energy technology incidents.

It also called for better coordination across Government and regular consultation with fire safety specialists to aid long-term risk planning.

NFCC Chair Phil Garrigan said the growing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries in homes is reshaping the work of fire and rescue services and requires stronger protections from Government and industry.

Phil Garrigan, National Fire Chiefs Council Chair, said: “Lithium-ion batteries are now everywhere in our homes – powering the phones in our pockets, the laptops on our desks, e-scooters, and cordless appliances we use every day.

“But these technologies must not come at the cost of public and firefighter safety.

“The fire risks linked to these familiar products are evolving far faster than the safety standards designed to protect us.

“When things go wrong with lithium-ion batteries the consequences can be devastating, and tragically, lives have already been lost.

“Fire and rescue services are the first line of defence when these batteries fail, facing fires that are incredibly complex and dangerous to tackle.

“They need stronger protection, clear standards, and better tools from government and industry to continue safeguarding people and property as these batteries become ever more common in our homes.”

How NFCC’s lithium-ion battery position could shape practice

NFCC’s call for mandatory product safety rules and third-party testing for personal light electric vehicles could influence how fire and rescue chiefs and senior officers assess risk from e-bikes and e-scooters in their areas.

The focus on regulating online marketplaces and requiring designated safety standards for lithium-ion battery products is directly relevant for standards and certification bodies that advise on conformity and enforcement.

Requests for updated Building Regulations guidance on storing and charging energy technologies in homes and public places could affect building services engineers and facility managers who specify locations for charging points and storage areas.

The emphasis on safe, accessible disposal routes for damaged or end-of-life batteries could change procedures for risk assessors, fire-protection contractors and electrical contractors who frequently manage equipment removal and waste streams.

NFCC’s call for investment in research on firefighting tactics and training for energy technology incidents could shape future work by training officers and instructors as operational guidance for lithium-ion battery fires develops.

How the UK and New York are addressing the safety risks of illegal e-bikes and uncertified batteries

by Breaking NewsSafety

Protecting riders and the public: Global efforts to regulate e-bike safety

Ministers in the UK and city officials in New York are taking action to address growing safety risks associated with the rise in illegal and uncertified e-bikes, especially among gig economy delivery workers.

A cross-party parliamentary group in the UK has called on the government to tighten laws and close online loopholes contributing to the sale of high-powered, fire-risk e-bikes.

Meanwhile, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYC DOT) has launched a trade-in programme offering certified e-bikes and batteries to delivery workers, aiming to reduce battery fire risks and improve road safety.

All-party group raises concerns over illegal e-bikes

Legal gaps fuelling fire hazards

The Guardian has reported that a cross-party parliamentary group has urged the UK Government to act urgently against illegal e-bikes and conversion kits, particularly those used by gig economy delivery riders.

The group’s report described the problem as “a crisis hiding in plain sight,” warning that illegally modified or non-compliant e-bikes with motors up to 2,000w and speeds over 40mph pose risks both on roads and within buildings due to substandard battery safety.

Fire service data reveals rising incidents

According to London Fire Brigade data cited in the report, fire incidents involving e-bikes or e-scooters rose from 8 in 2019 to 179 in 2023.

Many of the devices, the report said, use multiple batteries not manufactured to UK fire safety standards.

This has led to transport operators and workplaces banning all e-bikes from their premises, affecting even those with legal bikes.

Policy recommendations to tackle sales and safety

The report, chaired by Labour MP Fabian Hamilton, calls for police to be given clearer powers to seize illegal bikes and recommends a scrappage scheme for those used in food delivery, funded by the companies employing the riders.

It also urges changes to online sales rules, closing the “off-road only” loophole, and making online platforms liable for illegal listings.

Hamilton said: “This is a crisis hiding in plain sight. While responsible cycling businesses continue to meet high safety standards, the rise of illegal and unsafe e-bikes, often bought online and used in the gig economy, has created serious risks for riders, the public and the future of active travel.

“We need urgent action from government and industry to stop unsafe products entering the UK and to protect those being exploited while trying to earn a living.”

New York launches certified e-bike trade-in programme

City initiative targets safety and equity

The New York City Department of Transportation (NYC DOT), in partnership with the Fire Department (FDNY), has begun distributing certified e-bikes and batteries to food delivery workers as part of the Charge Safe, Ride Safe: Electric Micromobility Action Plan.

The pilot programme allows eligible workers to trade in uncertified e-bikes or illegal mopeds in exchange for one certified e-bike and two UL-tested batteries.

It was established under Local Law 131 of 2023 and is backed by $2 million in municipal funding.

Reducing fire risk from uncertified equipment

Commissioner Ydanis Rodriguez said: “Safer certified e-bikes, batteries, and charging practices will protect all New Yorkers from deadly fires.

“Delivery workers have one of the toughest jobs in New York City and supporting their work is part of our efforts to create a safer, more sustainable future.”

FDNY Commissioner Robert Tucker added: “Uncertified lithium-ion batteries are extremely dangerous and even deadly.

“This trade-in programme will protect the public, and our first responders charged with responding to fires caused by these batteries.”

Training, recycling and infrastructure improvements

Participants must complete a safety training course before receiving their equipment.

More than 400 delivery workers are expected to take part in the scheme this summer.

The programme includes responsible disposal and recycling of uncertified devices, multilingual outreach, and infrastructure developments such as widened bike lanes and approved battery-swapping stations.

City Councilmember Keith Powers, who sponsored the legislation, said: “This first of its kind programme is a critical measure to keep New Yorkers safe.

“Fires from unregulated e-bike batteries have already caused too much harm, including tragic loss of life.

“I am proud to have passed this important legislation.”

Community and political support

Worker organisations and lawmakers back safety scheme

State Senator Robert Jackson said: “This is how we legislate equity and build a safer, more just New York – one battery at a time.”

Worker’s Justice Project executive director Ligia Guallpa added: “Today demonstrates what is possible when workers organise for their safety and rights and find true partners in city government willing to demonstrate that centring worker safety can drive cutting-edge innovations to meet transportation needs.”

How the UK and New York are addressing the safety risks of illegal e-bikes and uncertified batteries: Summary

A UK parliamentary group has reported that illegal e-bikes and conversion kits are widely available online and pose safety risks.

UK law allows e-bikes to assist pedalling only up to 15.5mph with a maximum motor power of 250w.

The report found that many e-bikes on sale exceed these limits, with motors of up to 2,000w and speeds of 40mph.

The bikes are frequently used by gig economy delivery workers and are often powered by batteries not meeting UK safety standards.

London Fire Brigade data showed fire incidents involving e-bikes rose from 8 in 2019 to 179 in 2023.

The group called for clearer police powers, a scrappage scheme, and regulation of online listings.

In New York, NYC DOT launched a trade-in programme for delivery workers using uncertified e-bikes.

The programme offers one certified e-bike and two UL-tested batteries per worker.

The scheme was developed under Local Law 131 of 2023.

More than 400 workers are expected to participate in the pilot.

FDNY data linked most battery fires to uncertified batteries not being charged at the time.

Applicants must complete safety training to receive the equipment.

Recycled devices will be disposed of through DOT-led events.

Wider bike lanes and charging infrastructure are also being introduced.

Battery safety concerns highlighted in UK government report

by Featured NewsSafety

UK study examines fire risks of lithium-ion batteries in e-bikes and e-scooters

The Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) has published a report on the safety risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in Personal Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs), such as e-bikes and e-scooters.

The study, conducted by Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), examined scientific literature, real-world fire incident data, existing regulations, and battery testing results.

It found that PLEV battery fires have increased in the UK, with incidents in London rising from two in 2017 to at least 178 in 2023, according to London Fire Brigade (LFB).

The research highlights concerns over manufacturing quality, battery management system (BMS) effectiveness, and consumer misuse.

Increase in PLEV battery fires linked to charging and quality issues

The report found that charging practices and battery quality are key factors in lithium-ion battery failures, which can lead to thermal runaway, fires, and explosions.

Analysis of LFB data showed that most PLEV battery fires occurred indoors, often while charging.

Some incidents involved the use of incompatible chargers with higher voltages than the battery’s specification.

The research also identified that conversion kits used to modify bicycles into e-bikes were involved in the majority of e-bike-related fires where the origin could be determined.

Battery inspections revealed that cheaper batteries often lacked critical safety features, such as temperature sensors, and had poor manufacturing standards.

In some cases, battery management systems failed to prevent excessive current and temperature levels, increasing the risk of thermal runaway.

Regulatory gaps and inconsistencies in PLEV battery safety

The report reviewed UK product safety regulations and identified inconsistencies in their application to PLEV batteries.

E-bikes and e-scooters with motors are regulated under the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008, which impose detailed health and safety requirements.

However, separately sold batteries, including those used in conversion kits, fall under the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 or the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016, which lack specific safety provisions for lithium-ion batteries.

The study also noted differences between e-bike and e-scooter battery safety standards.

While e-bike standards require compliance with stricter battery safety regulations, e-scooter batteries are subject to less rigorous requirements.

Recommendations for improving PLEV battery safety

The OPSS report suggests several measures to improve safety, including stronger regulations, improved standards, and enhanced consumer guidance.

Recommendations include introducing mandatory safety standards for all PLEV batteries, improving battery testing to account for real-world usage conditions, and enhancing consumer awareness about safe charging practices.

The study also highlighted the need for better incident data collection to inform future safety measures.

WMG noted that markets with stricter certification requirements, such as New York City and Singapore, have seen reduced incidents of battery fires following the introduction of safety regulations.

The report suggests that similar measures could help reduce PLEV fire risks in the UK.

London Fire Brigade Comment

Responding to the research, London Fire Brigade Deputy Commissioner Charlie Pugsley said: “This new independent research carried out by the Warwick Manufacturing Group reinforces the concerns that have been consistently raised by London Fire Brigade into the safety of e-bike and e-scooter lithium-ion batteries, chargers and particularly with conversion kits.

“The research, which was supported by our own substantial incident data, reaffirms the importance of introducing stricter regulation to reduce the risk of customers being exposed to dangerous products, particularly online. 

“We hope the Product Regulation & Metrology Bill currently being brought forward will set a pathway for the necessary action to be taken to protect people from these types of fires and we are providing data and expertise to Government as we want to ensure the Bill is as strong as possible.”

Battery safety concerns highlighted in UK government report: Summary

A report commissioned by the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) has examined the safety risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in Personal Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs), including e-bikes and e-scooters.

Conducted by Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), the study found a rise in battery-related fires in the UK, with London Fire Brigade (LFB) reporting an increase from two incidents in 2017 to at least 178 in 2023.

The report identified several factors contributing to fire risks, including poor manufacturing quality, inadequate battery management systems, and consumer use of incompatible chargers.

Testing of batteries revealed that cheaper products often lacked essential safety features, increasing the likelihood of thermal runaway and fires.

Regulatory inconsistencies were also highlighted, with some PLEV batteries subject to less stringent safety requirements.

The report recommends stricter regulations, improved battery testing, and better consumer education to reduce fire risks.

It also suggests learning from international markets, such as New York City and Singapore, where stricter safety measures have been implemented.

NSW safety information standard targets lithium-ion e-micromobility risks in Australia

by Featured NewsSafety

Lithium-ion concerns: NSW Fair Trading proposes information standard for consumer safety

As reported by the NSW Government, NSW Fair Trading has announced the introduction of an Information Standard specifically for lithium-ion battery-powered e-micromobility devices.

This measure is part of a broader strategy to enhance consumer safety amid the growing use of devices such as e-scooters, e-bikes, e-skateboards, and hoverboards.

The new standard is aimed at providing consumers with clear, accessible guidance on safe handling, storage, and disposal practices for e-micromobility products.

NSW Fair Trading has indicated that penalties up to $5,500 may be applied to retailers who fail to meet the Information Standard requirements.

Key areas of safety addressed in the information standard

The Information Standard will cover essential safety guidance across several areas.

Fire safety instructions will inform consumers of signs of battery-related fire risks and outline emergency procedures.

Electrical safety measures will caution against modifications and provide guidelines for safe charging practices.

Additional requirements include advice on proper storage and environmental protection for these products.

The standard will also address service and repair information, urging users to avoid unapproved modifications and offering details on safe usage.

Compliance requirements for retailers and manufacturers

The upcoming Information Standard is set to align with broader product safety standards that mandate new testing, certification, and marking requirements for e-micromobility devices.

These regulations, which will come into effect in stages from 1 February 2025, are designed to prevent substandard and potentially hazardous products from reaching consumers.

The standards target a significant reduction in fire incidents, which have been linked to lithium-ion batteries in these devices.

Retailers, manufacturers, and suppliers will face fines of up to $825,000 for non-compliance, reinforcing the government’s commitment to enhancing public safety.

Consultation and public input on information standards

NSW Fair Trading is actively consulting with industry stakeholders and government agencies to finalise the specifics of the Information Standard.

Public input is invited through the NSW Government’s consultation website until 6 December 2024.

This consultation period allows the community to voice their concerns and contribute to shaping the final framework for consumer safety in e-micromobility products.

Minister for Better Regulation and Fair Trading Anoulack Chanthivong commented: “We need to ensure we have a robust regulatory framework to keep consumers safe from the potential harms posed by some lithium-ion battery-powered products.”

The NSW Government is also collaborating with the NSW Environment Protection Authority on broader battery regulation initiatives to protect consumers, workers, and the environment.

NSW introduces new safety information standard for lithium-ion e-micromobility devices: Summary

NSW Fair Trading is preparing to implement an Information Standard in early 2025 for lithium-ion battery-powered e-micromobility devices, including e-scooters, e-bikes, and hoverboards.

This measure seeks to provide clear safety guidance on fire and electrical safety, storage, usage, and disposal of these devices, aiming to reduce risks associated with lithium-ion battery fires.

The new standard complements broader safety regulations due to be phased in from 1 February 2025, mandating compliance for retailers and manufacturers with testing and certification requirements.

Retailers failing to meet these standards could face fines of up to $5,500, with non-compliance penalties reaching $825,000 for manufacturers and suppliers.

Public consultation is open until 6 December 2024.