Industrial Foam School firefighting training to begin in May 2025

by Featured NewsFire SuppressionTraining

Industrial Foam School programme opens for industrial and municipal firefighters

Perimeter Solutions has announced the launch of the Industrial Foam School, a new training programme designed for industrial firefighters, hazardous materials teams and municipal firefighters working in or alongside industrial facilities.

According to Perimeter Solutions, the first session will be held at the Delaware State Fire Academy in Dover, Delaware, on 28–29 May 2025.

The two-day course provides technical instruction and practical training focused on the use of fluorine-free firefighting foam products.

Participants will receive instruction on foam application methods, incident preplanning and the handling of foam in industrial fire settings.

Fluorine-free foam products to be used in practical exercises

Participants will use Perimeter Solutions’ fluorine-free foam solutions during hands-on training, where permitted.

These include SOLBERG VERSAGARD 1×3, SOLBERG VERSAGARD AS-100 and SOLBERG RE-HEALING 3×3 SP-100.

Mark Siem, Chemist and Manager of Business Development at Perimeter Solutions, said: “Firefighting foam plays a critical role in combating fires, helping to reduce the amount of time firefighters spend on scene, which ultimately improves both firefighter and community safety.”

He added: “The Perimeter Solutions Industrial Foam School will equip firefighters with the essential knowledge and skills needed to effectively use today’s advanced fluorine-free firefighting foams.”

Further sessions scheduled in Canada and the United States

Perimeter Solutions has confirmed two further training sessions in October 2025.

The first will take place at Lambton College in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada on 9–10 October.

The second will be held at The Fire Academy of the South in Jacksonville, Florida, on 28–29 October.

Each session will be limited to 30 participants.

Registration and contact details for interested participants

The cost to attend the Delaware State Fire Academy session is $599 per person.

Perimeter Solutions has stated that additional sessions will be scheduled across the United States and Canada in 2025 and 2026.

Interested participants or departments can contact Mark Siem at info@perimeter-solutions.com to register or request a tailored session at their own facility.

Further information is available at www.perimeter-solutions.com.

Industrial Foam School firefighting training to begin in May 2025: Summary

Perimeter Solutions has announced the launch of the Industrial Foam School, a two-day training course for industrial and municipal firefighters.

The first session will be held at the Delaware State Fire Academy in the United States on 28–29 May 2025.

The course includes both classroom instruction and, where permitted, hands-on experience using fluorine-free firefighting foams.

Products used during the training will include SOLBERG VERSAGARD 1×3, SOLBERG VERSAGARD AS-100 and SOLBERG RE-HEALING 3×3 SP-100.

Two further sessions are scheduled for October 2025 in Sarnia, Ontario and Jacksonville, Florida.

Each session will be limited to 30 participants.

The cost for the Delaware training is $599 per person.

Firefighters or departments interested in participating or organising a local session can contact Mark Siem at Perimeter Solutions.

Additional sessions are expected to be announced for 2025 and 2026.

UK firefighting foam regulations: PFOA and PFOS ban set for 2025

by Featured NewsFire SuppressionSustainability

Government confirms 2025 ban on PFOA and PFOS in firefighting foams

OHEAP has welcomed the UK government’s decision to implement a complete ban on Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in firefighting foams, which will take effect from 4 July 2025.

According to OHEAP, Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) was banned in foam extinguishers more than ten years ago, and the use of PFOA has been largely phased out.

The upcoming ban aligns with international efforts to remove persistent organic pollutants that pose environmental and health risks.

OHEAP has raised concerns about industry misconceptions regarding the ban, noting that some organisations have begun removing existing fluorine-based extinguishers unnecessarily.

The company advises that while PFOA will be prohibited, there are currently no legal restrictions on C6 fluorotelomer-based extinguishers.

Industry impact and transition to fluorine-free alternatives

The ban is expected to shape future fire safety practices, requiring businesses to adopt fluorine-free alternatives.

The Fire Industry Association (FIA) has recommended that organisations start considering a transition to these alternatives to reduce environmental impact.

Under the new regulations, any product containing PFOS, PFOA, or PFHxS above the prescribed limits will be prohibited.

However, there is no immediate requirement to remove existing fluorinated extinguishers that do not contain these banned substances.

Nicholas Heap, Managing Director of OHEAP Fire and Security, said: “We want to make sure every person responsible for fire safety understands what is banned and when.

“There are so many mistruths out there, that people are making decisions about fire safety that they may not need to.

“The truth is that the ban in July 2025 will not affect many units at all as the chemical that is being banned hasn’t been used for more than 10 years.

“But the ban is still an important step into creating a greener, safer, more sustainable environment.”

Future regulations on PFAS in fire extinguishers

The UK government is reviewing further legislation to restrict the use of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in firefighting foams.

A full ban on PFAS-containing extinguishers is not expected before 2026, with a phase-out period extending towards 2030.

OHEAP has advised that while the PFOA ban is imminent, organisations should remain aware of potential future restrictions.

The FIA continues to provide updates on the regulatory landscape and recommendations for businesses preparing for a transition.

Heap added: “At OHEAP, we fully support this initiative and are committed to helping our clients navigate this transition smoothly.

“As an industry, we must prioritise environmental responsibility without compromising safety standards, and whilst a ban on PFAS is still a way off yet, our team is actively implementing fluorine-free firefighting solutions across our services.”

Consultation underway on broader PFAS restrictions

A UK government consultation is ongoing to assess the impact of banning PFAS in firefighting applications.

Any resulting legal restrictions are not expected before 2026.

OHEAP advised fire safety professionals to stay informed and monitor official guidance from regulatory bodies.

More information on the use of PFAS in firefighting can be found on the FIA website.

UK firefighting foam regulations: PFOA and PFOS ban set for 2025 – Summary

OHEAP has welcomed the UK government’s decision to ban Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in firefighting foams from 4 July 2025.

PFOS was already prohibited in foam extinguishers more than a decade ago.

The new restrictions align with global efforts to eliminate harmful pollutants.

OHEAP has warned against industry misinterpretations, stating that there is no immediate need to remove fluorine-based fire extinguishers unless they contain the banned substances.

The Fire Industry Association (FIA) has encouraged organisations to start transitioning to fluorine-free alternatives.

A broader PFAS ban is under review, with legislation expected by 2026 and a potential phase-out period lasting until 2030.

The UK government is conducting a consultation on the future of PFAS use in firefighting.

OHEAP and industry bodies continue to monitor regulatory developments, providing guidance to businesses on compliance and best practices.

Global firefighting foam market projected to reach USD 1.2 billion by 2034

by Featured NewsFire SuppressionResearch

Firefighting foam market overview

The global firefighting foam market, valued at USD 815.4 million in 2023, is expected to grow to USD 1.2 billion by 2034, according to a report by Transparency Market Research, Inc.

This represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% over the forecast period.

Fire incidents are rising worldwide due to various materials and their properties.

These incidents can cause significant loss of wealth and livestock.

To prevent such hazards, new techniques and tools have been introduced in the market to enhance fire extinguishing processes.

Firefighting foams, which extinguish fires by cutting off the oxygen supply, are becoming more popular due to their efficiency.

Types and uses of firefighting foams

Synthetic foams are widely used to combat fires caused by flammable liquids.

These foams are gaining traction in various end-user industries due to their risk mitigation capabilities.

The expansion ratio of foams varies based on the proportioning and discharge devices, allowing them to cater to different fire severities.

The demand for commercial uses of firefighting foams is expected to increase, driven by regulatory norms and policies aimed at preventing fire-related mishaps.

As technological infrastructure grows, key industry players are innovating to enhance the efficiency of firefighting foams, contributing to their rising popularity.

Market segmentation and key players

The competitive landscape of the firefighting foam market is segmented by foam type, material type, and application.

Aqueous film-forming foam is expected to gain traction in shipboard and shore applications.

Class C foams are becoming more popular due to increasing fire cases caused by electrical short-circuiting, while Class K foams are in demand for kitchen fires.

The oil and gas industry is expected to be the largest consumer of these foams.

Prominent companies in the market include Johnson Controls, Solvay, Chemguard, National Foam, Angus Fire, Buckeye Fire Equipment Company, Dafo Fomtec AB, Sthamer, and Kerr Fire.

Recent developments include Solvay’s new production unit in Italy and Johnson Controls’ sale of Air Distribution Technologies Business to Truelink Capital.

Regional insights

The demand for firefighting foams is expected to rise in the Middle East and Asia-Pacific regions due to the developing oil and gas industries.

Europe is likely to create more prospects for leading market organizations with its growing infrastructure for firefighting equipment.

North America’s technological advancements will drive innovation in the industry, further enhancing the competitive landscape.

Types of Firefighting Foam Classes & Applications

by Fire SuppressionFirefighting Equipment

When it comes to battling fires, especially those fueled by flammable liquids, firefighting foam emerges as a crucial tool. 

Understanding the nuances of different foam classes and their specific applications is essential for effective fire suppression.

Firefighting foam is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Different types of foam are designed to combat different types of fires. 

In this article, we’ll explore the various classes of firefighting foam, how they work, their advantages, disadvantages, and alternative options. 

Understanding these aspects will equip you with the knowledge necessary to choose the right firefighting foam for any given situation, ensuring efficient and effective fire suppression.

What is Firefighting Foam?

what is firefighting foam

Firefighting foam is a specialised firefighting agent used for fire suppression, particularly those involving flammable liquids. 

It is a stable mass of small bubbles with a lower density than oil, gasoline, or water.

The foam is designed to cool the flames and prevent oxygen from reaching the fuel, thus extinguishing the fire. 

Firefighting foam is effective because it not only smothers the fire but also seals the fuel vapours, preventing re-ignition.

Firefighting foam comes in different classes, each formulated for specific types of fires. 

Firefighting foam is typically applied using specialised equipment such as foam generators, foam cannons, and foam nozzles. 

It is an essential tool for firefighters and is widely used in industrial, commercial, and military firefighting operations.

Classes of Firefighting Foam

firefighting foam classes

Class A

What is Class A Firefighting Foam Used For?

Class A firefighting foam is specifically formulated to combat Class A fires, which involve solid materials such as wood, paper, and textiles.

It is commonly used in structural firefighting, wildland firefighting, and in situations where water alone may not be effective in extinguishing the fire.

What is Class A Firefighting Foam Made of?

Class A firefighting foam is typically made from a mixture of surfactants, wetting agents, and stabilisers, which reduce the surface tension of water and allow it to penetrate deep into porous materials.

The foam is mixed with water to create a solution that can be applied using firefighting equipment such as foam nozzles and foam cannons.

Examples of Class A Firefighting Foam

Protein-based Foam 

Made from natural proteins such as animal or vegetable proteins. 

Protein-based foams are highly effective for penetrating deep-seated fires and are commonly used in structural firefighting.

Synthetic-based Foam

Made from synthetic materials such as synthetic surfactants and stabilisers. 

Synthetic-based foams are designed to produce a thick, stable foam blanket that can quickly extinguish fires and prevent re-ignition.

Film-forming foam (FFFP)

A combination of Class A and Class B foam, FFFP foam forms a thin film on the surface of the fuel, preventing oxygen from reaching the fire and extinguishing it more quickly.

Class B

What is Class B Firefighting Foam Used For?

Class B firefighting foam is specifically formulated to combat Class B fires, which involve flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and alcohol.

It is commonly used in industrial, commercial, and military firefighting operations, as well as in situations where water alone may not be effective in extinguishing the fire.

What is Class B Firefighting Foam Made of?

Like Class A firefighting foam, Class B firefighting foam is typically made from a mixture of surfactants, wetting agents, and stabilisers and allows it to form a blanket over the fuel, preventing oxygen from reaching the fire.

The foam is mixed with water to create a solution that can be applied using firefighting equipment such as foam nozzles and foam cannons.

Examples of Class B Firefighting Foam

Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) 

AFFF foam forms a thin film on the surface of the fuel, preventing oxygen from reaching the fire and extinguishing it more quickly. 

It is one of the most common types of Class B firefighting foam and is widely used in industrial and commercial firefighting operations.

Alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foam (AR-AFFF)

AR-AFFF foam is specifically designed to combat fires involving alcohol-based fuels such as ethanol and methanol. 

It forms a thick, stable foam blanket that can quickly extinguish the fire and prevent re-ignition.

Fluoroprotein foam

Fluoroprotein foam is a protein-based foam that contains fluorinated surfactants, which make it more effective for extinguishing fires involving hydrocarbon fuels. 

It is commonly used in aviation firefighting and in situations where Class B fires are likely to occur.

What is Firefighting Foam Expansion?

firefighting foam expansion
Source: Wikpedia

Firefighting foam expansion refers to the increase in volume of foam solution when it is discharged from a nozzle.

How Does Foam Expansion Work?

When foam is discharged from a nozzle, it expands to create a foam blanket that covers the surface of the fuel.

The expansion process is caused by the introduction of air into the foam solution as it is discharged from the nozzle.

Why is Foam Expansion Important?

Foam expansion is an important factor in firefighting because it determines the amount of foam solution required to effectively suppress the fire.

Proper expansion ensures that the foam blanket is thick enough to smother the fire and prevent re-ignition, while minimising the amount of water and foam concentrate used.

Factors Affecting Foam Expansion

Expansion ratios vary depending on factors such as the type of foam, the equipment used, and the application method.

Expansion ratios can range from 2:1 to 20:1 or higher.

Firefighters must be trained to calculate expansion ratios and adjust foam application rates accordingly to ensure effective fire suppression.

What are the Advantages to Using Firefighting Foam?

firefighting foam advantages

Firefighting foam is a highly effective tool for suppressing fires, especially those involving flammable liquids. 

Here are some key advantages of using firefighting foam:

Rapid Fire Suppression

Firefighting foam can quickly extinguish fires by forming a thick blanket over the fuel, smothering the flames and preventing re-ignition. 

This rapid suppression helps to minimise damage and reduce the risk of injury or loss of life.

Versatility

Firefighting foam can be used to combat a wide range of fires. 

This versatility makes it a valuable tool for firefighters in various situations, from structural fires to industrial incidents.

Reduced Water Usage

Foam has a lower density than water, which means that less water is required to create an effective firefighting solution. 

This reduced water usage helps to minimise water damage and runoff, making foam a more environmentally friendly option compared to water alone.

Increased Visibility

Foam has a higher visibility than water, which allows firefighters to see where the foam has been applied and ensure that the fire is completely extinguished. 

This increased visibility makes foam a more effective firefighting agent, especially in low-light conditions.

Long Lasting

Firefighting foam can create a long-lasting barrier over the fuel, preventing re-ignition and reducing the need for continuous application. 

This long-lasting effectiveness helps to ensure that the fire remains extinguished and does not reignite.

Cooling Effect

Foam has a cooling effect on the fire, reducing the temperature of the fuel and helping to prevent re-ignition. 

This cooling effect helps to minimise damage to surrounding structures and equipment, making foam an effective tool for protecting property and assets.

What are the Disadvantages to Using Firefighting Foam?

firefighting foam disadvantages

While firefighting foam is an effective tool for suppressing fires, it also has some disadvantages that need to be considered:

Environmental Impact

Some types of firefighting foam contain chemicals that can be harmful to the environment and aquatic life. 

When foam is discharged into waterways, it can contaminate the water and harm marine ecosystems.

However, there has been a large shift in recent years into the use of fluorine free foam, minimising the risk to the environment.

Health Concerns

Firefighting foam can contain toxic chemicals that can pose health risks to firefighters and other individuals exposed to the foam. 

Prolonged exposure to foam can lead to respiratory problems, skin irritation, and other health issues.

Cleanup and Disposal

Firefighting foam can be difficult and expensive to clean up and dispose of properly. 

Foam residue left behind after a fire can contaminate soil and water sources, requiring extensive cleanup efforts.

Cost

Firefighting foam can be more expensive than other firefighting agents such as water or dry chemical agents. 

The cost of purchasing and maintaining foam equipment, as well as the cost of foam concentrate, can add up over time.

Training and Equipment

Using firefighting foam requires specialised training and equipment. 

Firefighters must be trained in the proper use of foam equipment and techniques to ensure effective fire suppression. 

Additionally, foam equipment such as foam generators and foam nozzles can be expensive to purchase and maintain.

What are the Alternatives to Using Firefighting Foam?

firefighting foam alternatives

While firefighting foam is a highly effective tool for suppressing fires, there are some alternatives that may be more suitable in certain situations:

Water

Water is the most common and widely used firefighting agent. 

It is effective for extinguishing Class A fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper, and textiles. 

Water can also be used in combination with foam for Class B fires involving flammable liquids.

Dry Chemical Agents

Dry chemical agents such as ABC powder and Purple-K powder are effective for extinguishing Class A, B, and C fires. 

They work by interrupting the chemical reaction that sustains the fire, smothering the flames, and preventing re-ignition.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Carbon dioxide is a clean agent that is effective for extinguishing Class B and C fires. 

It works by displacing oxygen, smothering the flames, and preventing re-ignition. 

Carbon dioxide is non-conductive and leaves no residue, making it suitable for use in areas with electrical equipment.

Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems 

Foam-water sprinkler systems combine water with foam concentrate to create a foam blanket that covers the fuel, preventing oxygen from reaching the fire. 

These systems are effective for extinguishing Class A and B fires and are commonly used in industrial and commercial settings.

Fire Blankets

Fire blankets are made of fire-resistant materials and are used to smother small fires or wrap around a person whose clothing is on fire. 

They are effective for extinguishing Class A and B fires and are commonly used in kitchens, laboratories, and welding areas.

Conclusion

Firefighting foam is a versatile tool that plays a crucial role in fire suppression. 

Understanding the different classes of foam and their applications is essential for effective firefighting.

While foam offers numerous advantages, it’s important to weigh these benefits against potential concerns. 

Choosing the right firefighting agent depends on various factors such as the type of fire, the environment, and the availability of resources.

Ultimately, whether firefighting foam is the best choice will depend on the specific circumstances of each fire incident. 

By carefully considering the advantages and disadvantages of foam, firefighters can make informed decisions that prioritise both effective fire suppression and environmental safety.

Market Analysis: The future of firefighting foam

by Breaking NewsFire SuppressionResearch

The firefighting foam market witnesses steady growth, driven by evolving industry needs and environmental concerns

The ever-growing emphasis on fire safety, combined with the mounting environmental concerns, has spurred the evolution of the firefighting foam market.

Being a pivotal part of the arsenal against fire-related hazards, especially in high-risk sectors, firefighting foam’s utility spans from aviation to oil & gas.

Custom Market Insights’ (CMI) recent report sheds light on the industry’s trajectories, offering a comprehensive market view.

Firefighting Foam market overview

In 2021, the firefighting foam market was valued at USD 5.5 billion, a testament to its established position in the fire safety landscape.

By 2022, this figure is expected to touch USD 5.8 billion and soar to an impressive USD 6.73 billion by 2030, with a steady CAGR of 3.8% between 2022 and 2030.

Firefighting foam, composed of water, air, and concentrates, isn’t just any fire suppressant; it’s a meticulously designed solution that offers a reliable barrier against fires.

This foam, characterised by a stable mass of air-filled bubbles, has a unique ability to suppress fires by isolating fuel from oxygen.

With a density lower than gasoline, water, and oil, it remains on the surface, providing an effective shield against re-ignition.

Moreover, it has been tailored to address fires involving flammable liquids, offering reliable protection against potential ignition and re-ignition.

In an increasingly industrialised world, the need for such sophisticated fire suppressants becomes more pressing, driving the market’s steady growth.

Growth factors

Rising Incidents of Fire-related Accidents: One of the most immediate factors propelling the demand for firefighting foams is the unsettling increase in fire-related incidents, particularly in high-stakes sectors like oil & gas.

As these sectors continue to expand, the associated fire risks also escalate, necessitating enhanced fire prevention and suppression solutions.

Shift to Environmentally Friendly Solutions: The past decade has seen a significant shift towards environmental consciousness in almost every industry.

In the firefighting foam market, this translates to an increased demand for environment-friendly products.

Traditional firefighting foams, such as AFFF and AR-AFFF, have been associated with environmental concerns.

The industry has responded by developing and promoting fluorine-free foams.

These new-age foams not only match the fire-suppression capabilities of their traditional counterparts but do so without the associated environmental footprint.

They are free from PFAS, PFOS, and PFOA, chemicals of concern in many environmental discussions.

Emerging Oil & Gas Sector: With a surge in global energy needs, the oil & gas sector is expanding at an unprecedented rate.

This expansion, however, brings with it an elevated risk of fires, especially in high-capacity storage and processing facilities.

As a direct result, the demand for firefighting foams, which offer protection against challenging Class A and B fires, has seen a substantial increase.

Consumer Awareness & Regulatory Landscape: Modern consumers are not just passive buyers.

They are informed, environmentally conscious, and demand products that reflect these values.

This consumer push, combined with a stringent regulatory landscape focusing on fire safety and environmental concerns, has spurred the industry towards innovation and the adoption of eco-friendly products.

Market segmentation

The firefighting foam market has diverse product offerings.

The Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) has been a favourite among many due to its rapid suppression of flammable liquid fires.

However, with rising environmental concerns tied to some of its components, there’s an increasing shift towards alternatives.

The Alcohol-Resistant Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AR-AFFF) has been specifically developed for fires that involve alcohol-based risks.

It’s closely followed by Protein Foam, which is derived from animal proteins and offers a more durable and heat-resistant shield, although with a slower spread rate.

The Synthetic Detergent Foam stands out for its adaptability, making it a preferred choice in scenarios that demand versatility.

Lastly, the Fluorine-Free Foam has been gaining traction rapidly.

It has emerged as a solution to the environmental challenges posed by traditional foams, providing an eco-friendly alternative without compromising on fire suppression efficacy.

“During the year, two major multinational players in the firefighting foam market announced their exit from the fluorinated foam market within the next 6 to 18 months,” comments John Olav Ottesen Founder and CEO of Fomtec.

“In the US, the military has introduced a new military specification for PFAS-free firefighting foam for land-based applications.

“In Europe, the European chemicals agency ECHA passed on restriction proposals, and the legislators are moving towards the introduction of new regulations during 2024, that will set timelines for the phase-out of PFAS in firefighting foam.

The foam market is performing strongly and there is a strong demand for foam products globally.

“We still see a high demand for fluorinated foam, but we also see a high demand for fluorine-free foam.

A shift can be seen in the larger multinational end users that all seem to have transition programs ongoing.

All in all, a very exciting time to be in the foam industry.”

Regional Insights

The firefighting foam market’s regional dynamics paint a picture of varied demand and preferences.

North America is characterised by its extensive oil & gas infrastructure and a dense network of airports.

This makes it a major consumer of firefighting foams.

Yet, the stringent environmental standards, particularly in the US, have fostered a rising demand for fluorine-free foam variants.

In Europe, the commitment to environmental sustainability is evident.

European countries have shown a penchant for adopting eco-friendly firefighting solutions, bolstered by regulatory frameworks and increased public awareness.

Asia-Pacific is witnessing a surge in demand due to its rapid industrial growth, with countries like China and India at the helm.

The burgeoning oil & gas sector, along with infrastructural advancements, cements Asia-Pacific’s position in the market.

The Middle East and Africa, housing some of the world’s largest oil repositories, naturally becomes an indispensable market segment.

The continuous investments in oil refineries and transportation channels amplify this demand.

Finally, Latin America, although historically slower in adoption, is displaying promising growth.

Emerging industries and expanding infrastructural projects in the region are driving the demand for firefighting foams.

This article was originally published in the November 2023 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

The evolution of firefighting foam

by Breaking NewsFire Suppression

John Ottesen, CEO and Founder of Fomtec, navigates the complexities of the transition to fluorine free foam

In the rapidly evolving landscape of fire suppression, the transition to fluorine-free firefighting foam represents a pivotal shift.

At the intersection of environmental considerations and industry necessities, the transformation from C8 to C6 chemistry and the shift towards fluorine-free alternatives heralds a new era.

John Ottesen, the visionary CEO and Founder of Fomtec, provides an insider’s view of this intricate journey, emphasising the implications for the industry and the planet.

“The transition away from PFAS based firefighting foams is what everything is about these days,” Ottesen begins.

He highlights the urgency surrounding the decision to move away from PFAS, a topic at the forefront of discussions amongst legislators, consumers, and industry players.

“The current legislation is addressing the discontinuation of a PFAS substance called PFOA.

Fomtec completed the transition from PFOA based C8 chemistry to C6 chemistry in 2014 but now the EU has put in place legislation which brings to an end the legal use of C8 foams by July 4, 2025.

The legislation actually restricts the use of PFOA but no C8 foam will meet those restriction levels for PFOA..

Ottesen adds that the EU has now turned its attention to the shorter chain fluorochemicals and there are two pieces of legislation going through the legal process which will effectively provide a timeline for the use of PFAS containing foam agents.

Fomtec began its C8 to C6 transition in 2010.

The challenge lay in the misconception that C6 could replace C8 seamlessly as although they may appear similar, the process is not as simple as swapping percentages of C8 with C6.

“It wasn’t merely a matter of changing a chemical.

Re-qualifying products to meet the various fire performance standards including UL and FM required extensive fire testing,” Ottesen tells.

By the end of 2014, Fomtec completed its C6 transition, more than 12 months before the deadline required under the US EPA 2015 PFOA Stewardship Programme.

This transition was more than just a regulatory move for Fomtec as it came at the time where the company was looking to increase market penetration in the North American markets through the partnership with the Viking Group and the need for increased approvals with UL and FM.

Changing the game

Delving into the evolution of Fomtec’s fluorine-free foams, Ottesen looks back to 2010 at which point a large multinational launched a fluorine-free foam: “I said, ‘If they’re adopting that approach, we definitely need to get started’”.

 This saw the birth of what eventually became Fomtec’s Enviro programme.

Fomtec soon saw a chemical breakthrough which led to the introduction of the ‘Enviro Plus’ series of products, which are still part of Fomtec’s portfolio today: “The DNA of that product is still with us today in our most advanced products because it really was a game-changer.”

After their successful transition from C8 to C6, Fomtec redirected its focus entirely towards the development of fluorine-free foam.

The primary objective of the Enviro programme was to develop fluorine-free products that could equal the performance of their fluorinated counterparts, with a particulare focus for those used in fixed foam systems like sprinkler systems.

Achieving this goal led to a significant milestone: “It was a major breakthrough for us having a sprinkler-enabled fluorine-free foam passing UL 162 and FM 5130 sprinkler approvals.”

Fomtec launched the fluorine-free foam solution Enviro USP in 2016.

This was followed a few years later by the Enviro ARC, which was the first fluorine-free foam to be FM approved with a standard sprinkler for polar solvents.

Fomtec remained unchallenged in this domain for nearly two years before any competitor achieved the same FM 5130 approvals.

When asked about Fomtec’s approach to ensuring international safety standards, Ottesen underlines the exhaustive process of research and development.

“We have carried out 2,500 fire tests to date.

In our R&D process we create hundreds upon hundreds of formulations,” he explains.

Only a fraction of these undergo initial fire tests, and after identifying the most promising candidates, they are subjected to extensive full scale fire testing.

“We want to make sure the products not only to pass a test but can be genuinely versatile products that can be used in a real-world system.

Client needs

When asked about what clients typically seek in a firefighting foam, Ottesen explains that what most clients really want is a “drop-in replacement”: “They want to remove the current foam and replace with the new foam.”

But the reality, as Ottesen aptly put, isn’t so straightforward.

A one-size-fits-all solution is, in the majority cases, a fantasy.

Yet, Fomtec’s commitment to its clients remains unyielding.

Ottesen says that clients receive is honest consultation, tailored solutions, and well-documented product guidance: “What they get from us is an honest answer,” Ottesen emphasises.

This involves a holistic review of the client’s specific requirements – from application, fuels, and heights to approval needs.

Ottesen’s candid insight underscores a truth that’s often glossed over in the industry – the sheer complexity of transitioning from PFAS-containing foams to fluorine-free alternatives.

Such a transition isn’t as straightforward as it might seem.

even before considering the often-overlooked challenges of cleaning and decontamination.

Essential equipment

Ottesen makes the point that whilst the foam concentrate composition is important he says that it is important to remember that it is the finished foam that extinguishes the fires.

He highlights the critical bond between the foam concentrate and the system that disperses it.

“The marriage of the concentrate with the system requires that you test the concentrate with the system components,” he stresses, adding, “If you have not tested it how can we  know how it performs ?.”

The sensitivity of fluorine-free foams towards equipment, particularly the discharge devices, is delicate: “The nozzle dictates what finished foam qualities a suppression system will yield, and this is absolutely crucial to the performance of the system.”

To emphasise his point, he says that it can come down to minute differences in nozzle design, dismissing the oversimplified notion that ‘a sprinkler is a sprinkler’.

This holistic approach is supported by established guidelines and standards, such as UL162, FM 5130, FM data pages, and NFPA standards.

However, the distinction that must be understood is that UL and FM approve systems, not products.

This means the foam concentrate, proportioner, and discharge device need to be tested together.

Without comprehensive testing, says Ottesen, it is impossible to predict the fire performance.

Enviro USP and ARK

Shifting focus to Fomtec’s products, specifically the Enviro range, Ottesen says: “The Enviro USP is quite unique.”

With the influx of fluorine-free foams in the market in the last 5 years, all seemingly 3 x 3’s suitable for hydrocarbon and polar solvents, the Enviro USP carves its niche.

Launched in 2016 as an alternative to AFFF, its primary design intention was to suppress fires from hydrocarbon fuels.

“We wanted a really high-performance sprinkler-capable replacement of AFFF, and USP is exactly that,” he says, highlighting its efficacy and its commercial viability.

The Enviro ARK is Fomtec’s fluorine free alternative to a high performance sprinkler capable AR-AFFF and we regard this as one of the major stars in the Enviro range.

Ottesen stresses the adaptability and performance of their foams to suit the different applications and missions.

“What’s distinctive about the USP is its versatility across various applications.

“It consistently delivers exceptional performance no matter the challenge.

“We continue to add approvals and test this product in different applications.”

Fluorinated firefighting foam’s persistence

An emerging question within the industry pertains to the continued manufacturing of fluorinated foams, especially given the growing emphasis on fluorine-free alternatives.

As two large multinational companies pull out of fluorinated foams, where does Fomtec stand on this contentious issue?

When posed with this question, Ottesen says Fomtec has already adopted its position and is happy to state: “We are going to carry on supporting our clients who still have C6-fluorinated foams for their systems and have operational plans based on the use of equipment designed for use with C6 foams.

“To do this we plan to continue to manufacture C6 foams for as long as we are allowed to do so, and for as long as it is economically viable to do so.”

Ottesen references the impending legislation, highlighting the proactive stance of the foam industry: “Our industry has said we need derogations to allow foam users to effect the transition away from PFAs foams.

“The EPA and the European Union has proposed derogations for various industries, especially for the high-risk industries, of up to 10 years to enable them a safe transition away from PFAS foam.”

Acknowledging the challenges of swift transitions for high-risk industries, Ottesen stresses the need for continuity in the foam market.

“I believe there’s a crucial need to fill that gap.

“We’re committed to remaining in that market segment, offering fluorinated foam, playing our part for a safe transition for those clients who need the time to make the switch.”

His closing thoughts echo Fomtec’s commitment to the broader community of fire safety stakeholders: “We’ll carry on supporting our clients with C6 form for as long as we are allowed to do it and for as long as it’s economically viable to do so.”

Fluorine Free Foams – Are we there yet?

In this online-exclusive, Fomtec Owner and CEO John Ottesen reflects on how far Fomtec’s range of Enviro Fluorine Free Foams have progressed towards the target of being able to achieve similar performance to the last generation of PFAS containing C6 fluorinated foams manufactured by Fomtec, reinforcing Fomtec’s commitment to ‘data not opinion’: https://internationalfireandsafetyjournal.com/fluorine-free-foams-are-we-there-yet/

This article was originally published in the November 2023 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Toxic incidents: The real world impact of PFAS-containing foam

by Breaking NewsFire Suppression

Vicki Quint from the Foam Exposure Committee highlights the impacts of PFAS-containing foam from two incidents in Illinois

Laws and regulations are being enacted worldwide on aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF).

USEPA voluntary stewardship PFAS programs have not proven effective for protecting firefighters or public health.

Individual states are taking initiative.

As firefighters and citizens are becoming more aware, the change to F3 foams is occurring.

Fire chiefs should be aware of the PFAS issues that will be created in their communities if AFFF is used.

Morris Illinois lithium battery warehouse

In June 2021, a major fire erupted at a lithium battery warehouse in Morris, Illinois.

Despite officials and first responders initially being unaware, the building contained 180,000 pounds of lithium-ion batteries, contrary to the belief that it had been unoccupied for 35 years.

The old paper mill warehouse’s cause of fire remained unidentified.

Chief Steffes stated that early firefighting efforts with water led to significant explosions.

Within a short time, a company employee alerted first responders about the lithium batteries inside.

The Morris Fire Department, having never tackled a lithium battery fire previously, ordered the evacuation of roughly 4,000 out of the town’s 13,000 residents due to toxic fumes, smoke, and the risk of explosions.

One of the dangerous byproducts of the burning lithium is fluorine gas.

According to a USEPA report, on 30 June, around 2pm, the fire department accessed a fire by removing a building wall, uncovering a 30-by 40-foot area of burning batteries.

They attempted to put out the fire using Purple K at 3:30pm, but it was ineffective.

By 6pm., they began applying Portland cement to the battery area and other hot spots.

By 11pm, cement application was complete with no further smoke observed from the batteries.

The Morris Fire Department led the response, with guidance from the US EPA, while the Illinois EPA monitored water runoff.

Chief Steffes remarked that 1,000 pounds of Purple K barely impacted the fire, but 28 tons of dry Portland cement ultimately smothered the burning lithium-ion batteries, extinguishing the active fires.

OSHA and EPA have both clarified that the article exemption does not apply to lithium-ion batteries which are subject to OSHA HazCom regulations.

Some believe: “The cause of the fire—and what was inside—has potentially profound ramifications for our clean energy future.”

This fire occurred less than one month after the Chemtool industrial fire in Rockton, Illinois.

 According to a news source: “Special resources still in the area from that fire are now being utilised in Morris.” But, those resources obviously did not include using the same firefighting foams from the Chemtool incident.

An attorney involved in the case later made the statement that sand should have been used at the incident instead of cement.

However, a retired fire chief of the Foam Exposure Committee responded by noting that the attorney: “Should better focus on his own profession.”

It appears the incident commander made the proper decision based on his experience and best knowledge.

Sugar Camp Coal Mine

A significant fire broke out at Sugar Camp Coal Mine in Southern Illinois, where Foresight Energy utilised PFAS-laden foams.

This happened just two months after regulators instructed a Louisiana-based contractor to employ safer firefighting foams at another site, the Chemtool facility.

Foresight Energy dispensed 46,415 gallons of PFAS foam concentrate into their mines.

One of the company’s lawyers assured state officials that the foam was biodegradable and wouldn’t harm aquatic life.

However, subsequent inspections pointed to potential contamination risks for nearby private wells and drinking water sources.

A comprehensive report revealed that the total firefighting foam used was 50,390 gallons.

According to a local fire chief, no municipal or district fire departments were involved in the coal mine fire.

The private fire and responses remained secret until a local environmental activist’s photographs showed that foam had drifted to above-ground ditches and farm fields near the mine entrance.

E-mails from 1 September showed that Illinois EPA did not begin looking into potential harm to people and wildlife until three weeks after the mine was evacuated.

According to Illinois EPA, they: “Received an incident report from the National Response Center on September 1, 2021, that firefighting foam possibly containing PFAS was seen in surface water in an unnamed creek near the mine.”

WMIX94 radio reported: “Records show that company officials also hired contractors to drill boreholes illegally into the mine without a permit.

One of those boreholes is close to a creek that was found this month to have high levels of PFAS.”

A 2016 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit that authorised Sugar Camp to discharge wastewater at the mining facility did not authorise the discharge of PFAS.

Efforts were unsuccessful in extinguishing the fire which continued for months.

In January 2022, portions of the mine were still smouldering.

During January 2022, Illinois Attorney General Raoul filed a lawsuit because of the firefighting foams used: “Including at least 660 gallons of concentrated PFAS-based foam, deep into the underground coal mine.”

Further, according to Attorney General Raoul: “Sugar Camp jeopardised public safety and irresponsibly violated both state environmental and the constraints of its permit by misusing dangerous ‘forever chemicals.’”

At this time, the Illinois Attorney General has filed lawsuits in all three cases: Chemtool fire in Rockton, Lithium Battery Warehouse fire in Morris and Sugar Camp coal mine fire in Southern Illinois.

Foam Exposure Committee observations

All AFFF products contain PFAS.

Despite growing concerns, AFFF is still actively being sold by distributors.

There are existing stocks of PFAS foams on hand at various establishments including fire departments, airports, and industrial operations.

Notably, state governments are showing a quicker response to the AFFF and PFAS issue than the federal government.

This rapid state action is probably because, as there are delays in transitioning to F3 foams, there’s an increased involvement from other parties, such as state legislators and legal entities.

For 70 years, the fire service remained unaware of the toxic nature of PFAS in AFFF, putting Incident Commanders at a disadvantage during emergency decision-making.

AFFF utilised in an emergency incident will create another emergency incident.

Awareness of PFAS in foams must be based upon more than just marketing materials.

Fire departments cannot make a successful transition to F3 foams without correct information.

This article was originally published in the October 2023 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Firefighting foam market projected to reach $913 million by 2026

by AmericasFeatured NewsFire SuppressionResearch

Global growth driven by shift towards environmentally safe products and rising fire-related incidents

The global firefighting foam market is expected to grow from $756 million in 2021 to $913 million by 2026, according to a recent study from MarketsandMarkets.

This translates to a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% during the forecast period.

Firefighting foams are extensively used across several industries including aerospace & defence, oil & gas, pharmaceuticals, marine, industrial, mining, and others.

The substantial impact on market growth is expected to be driven by an increasing shift towards environmentally safe products and a rise in fire-related accidents resulting in casualties and property loss.

Covid-19 impact on the firefighting foam market

The Covid-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on the value chain of the firefighting foam market, especially in 2020.

The pandemic caused severe effects on the global economy and the oil & gas industry, leading to a steep decline in revenues during the lockdown period.

The shutdown of manufacturing units, an acute shortage of raw materials and lack of potential manpower contributed to this decline.

It is inferred from the current pandemic-induced situations that the production and supply chain activities have faced considerable challenges.

Increased investment in fire protection fuels the firefighting foam market

According to the report, the rise in investments by global firms in fire protection for their facilities has increased the installation of fire protection systems.

These systems utilise automatic suppression systems due to the presence of stringent regulations.

The NFPA is extending the use of its standards beyond the US, which is expected to have global applicability.

This initiative educates facility managers, business leaders, and fire professionals on the NFPA standards and other best practices in diverse locations such as the Middle East, China, and countries in the European Union (EU), and South.

In recent years, traditional AFFF foam concentrates and older fluoro-protein foams are being replaced with SOLBERG RE-HEALING foam concentrates.

These concentrates use a tested and authorised high-performance synthetic foam technology.

Additionally, ACAF Systems have partnered with the LASTFIRE group to understand new generation foams and demonstrate their efficiency in CAF applications.

Existing lawsuits and litigations pose a challenge for the firefighting foam market

Several manufacturers face lawsuits and litigations, posing a challenge for the industry.

For instance, in January 2019, Ohio, US, filed a lawsuit against manufacturers, including affiliates of the 3M company, over PFOS and PFOA contamination allegedly caused by the use of firefighting foams at various locations throughout Ohio.

Firefighting foam market segmentation

By type, the market is divided into AFFF, AR-AFFF, PF, synthetic detergent foam, and others.

Due to its extensive use by the oil & gas industry, the demand for AFFF was the highest in 2020.

Based on the end-use industry, the market is classified into oil & gas, aviation, marine, mining, and others.

The oil & gas industry, being a major consumer of firefighting foam, was the largest market in 2020.

The high demand can be attributed to the high risk of fire accidents and the efficiency of firefighting foam in combatting such fires.

By region, the market is segregated into APAC, Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East & Africa.

APAC was the largest market for firefighting foam in 2020.

Key findings and future trends in the firefighting foam market

Key findings from the study suggest that synthetic detergent foam is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period.

The marine segment, under end-use, is also predicted to experience the highest growth during the same period.

Furthermore, research and development activities by manufacturers to develop innovative firefighting foams are expected to contribute to the growth of the market.

The measures to reduce longer chain, like C8 or greater, perfluorinated chemicals and PFOA emissions provide opportunities for the market.

IFSJ Comment

Understanding the projected growth of the firefighting foam market offers invaluable insight into future safety standards and practices.

As an industry, we can use this information to anticipate needs, align with environmentally-friendly products, and ensure the best protection systems are in place across all sectors.

BIOEX introduces eco-friendly alternative to traditional firefighting foam

by Featured NewsFire Suppression

Global transition to fluorine-free firefighting foam

In response to environmental and safety concerns, there’s a global shift underway in the fire safety industry. This shift sees industries and fire departments transitioning from traditional Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF), typically used for combating hydrocarbon fires, to fluorine-free foams. However, compatibility issues can arise during this transition, particularly in terms of foam viscosity and the impact on existing firefighting equipment. Often, fluorine-free foam tends to be more viscous than its predecessor, leading to complications in the proportioning and discharge of the foam.

ECOPOL 3N – a novel, green solution for hydrocarbon fires

Drawing on extensive experience in the development of efficient fluorine-free foam, BIOEX has launched ECOPOL 3N. This new firefighting foam is specifically engineered for tackling class B hydrocarbon fires, such as those involving crude oil, gasoline, and kerosene, and has a similar viscosity to traditional AFFF foams. It has been certified under the EN1568-3 standard v2018, proving its effectiveness.

How ECOPOL 3N works

When mixed with water and air, ECOPOL 3N forms a durable foam blanket that insulates the fuel source from air supply, effectively suppressing the fire. Its quick and efficient coverage on the surface of flammable liquids ensures rapid extinguishment. In addition, the adhesive nature of the foam allows it to adhere to vertical surfaces for an extended duration, preventing re-ignition due to its long-lasting foam blanket.

Application and environmental impact of ECOPOL 3N

ECOPOL 3N is highly versatile, working effectively with fresh water, brackish water, and saltwater, at all hardness levels. It’s formulated to be used at 3% concentration in both low and medium expansion applications and is also protected against frost. The liquid formulation means that it’s compatible with most existing foam equipment, negating the need for any equipment modifications during the transition to fluorine-free alternatives.

As an ecological solution, ECOPOL 3N contains no fluorinated derivatives or Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic substances. It’s also easily biodegradable, causing no harm to the environment. Consequently, both industrial companies and fire departments are confident in using ECOPOL 3N for tank fires and structural fires, making it an ideal choice in the drive towards more environmentally conscious firefighting practices.

FDSA bulletin explains Right-to-Know Regulation

by Featured NewsFire Suppression

The latest Fire Dept Service Announcement (FDSA) bulletin has provided an explanation over the US State “Right-to-Know Regulation” on Safety Data Sheets (SDS) under Section 15.

Right-to-know laws are a group of rules and regulations at the state and national levels that mandate that employers share scientific information with workers and local communities about the toxicity and other characteristics of chemicals and materials used in business processes.

Chemicals under “State Right-to-Know” found on SDS and currently used in firefighting foams:

  • Acetaldehyde
  • 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol
  • 1,3-Dichloropropene
  • 1,4-Dioxane
  • Ethanol
  • Ethylene glycol
  • Ethylene oxide
  • Fermentation-derived cellulose
  • Formaldehyde
  • Hexamethylenetetramine
  • Methanol
  • 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
  • Methylene Chloride
  • Purple-K (PKP) (aka Palygorskite, Attapulgite, magnesium aluminium silicate & crystalline silica)
  • Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
  • PFNA & its salts
  • PFOS & its salts & transformation & degradation precursors
  • Polyfluorinated alkyl polyamide
  • 1,2-Propanediol
  • Sodium Decyl Sulfate
  • Sodium Hydroxide
  • Sodium Octyl Sulfate
  • Sodium O-Phenylphenate
  • Sulfuric Acid, mono-C8-10 alkyl esters, sodium salts

Presently, 8 states have right-to-know regulations: California, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. Additionally, Vermontand Washington state have statutes regarding: “Chemicals of High Concern to Children Status.”

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations require a SDS. Standards require all employee exposure records to be maintained for at least 30 years. A chemical is defined as any substance or mixture of substances.