Federal wildland firefighting reorganisation raises safety concerns

Firefighting realignment ordered by Trump administration

President Donald Trump has signed an order to merge wildland firefighting responsibilities under a new Federal Wildland Fire Service, according to AP News.

The order would centralise firefighting duties currently distributed across five federal agencies and two Cabinet departments.

The new service would be housed within the US Department of the Interior, with roles and staff transferred from the US Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service.

AP News reported that the reorganisation comes despite warnings from former federal officials and firefighter groups who say it could disrupt fire season operations and increase risks.

No cost or savings estimates have been provided, and the plan takes effect while the 2025 fire season is already active across parts of the United States.

Federal agencies impacted by planned restructuring

According to AP News, Trump’s proposal would shift the majority of personnel from the Forest Service to the new Interior-based firefighting service.

The Forest Service currently employs most federal wildland firefighters in the United States.

Critics, including several former Forest Service chiefs, said the transition could delay response efforts and undermine fire prevention work.

In a letter to lawmakers, they wrote that consolidating firefighting under one agency could “actually increase the likelihood of more large catastrophic fires, putting more communities, firefighters and resources at risk.”

The AP reported that more than 65,000 wildfires burned nearly 9 million acres of land in the US last year.

The Trump administration has previously reduced federal support for wildfire prevention and staffing, and this new change revives similar concerns about resource gaps.

Concerns raised over fire prevention and climate impacts

The presidential order did not mention climate change, despite scientists linking increased wildfire activity to higher temperatures and prolonged drought conditions.

The Center for Western Priorities, an advocacy group critical of the order, described the move as “madness.”

Aaron Weiss, deputy director of the group, said: “If President Trump was serious about improving the nation’s wildland firefighting capabilities, he would stop hollowing out the agencies tasked with fighting wildfires.”

Experts cited by AP News noted that centralisation may prioritise suppression over prevention, which could worsen conditions in areas with dense vegetation or declining forest health.

Environmentalists also pointed to other recent actions by the administration, including changes to logging regulations across US forests, as contributing to increased risk.

Political support and commercial ties

AP News reported that bipartisan legislation proposing a similar restructuring is currently under consideration.

The bill is backed by California Senator Alex Padilla and Montana Senator Tim Sheehy.

Sheehy, who previously founded an aerial firefighting company that contracts with federal agencies, also sponsored a separate bill signed by Trump that allows the continued sale of military aircraft for wildfire use.

Sheehy said in a statement: “Fighting wildfires more quickly and aggressively is America First common sense.”

Although the consolidation plan has received some legislative backing, several organisations representing firefighters have warned it could lead to higher operational costs and inefficient responses.

Emergency declaration affects wide geographical area

In addition to the order, Trump approved an emergency designation covering 176,000 square miles of forested land.

AP News stated that the affected area spans parts of the western United States, the South, Great Lakes region and New England.

Many of these forests are classified as high-risk due to insect damage, tree disease and prolonged periods without precipitation.

Critics argued that reducing environmental oversight in these areas could worsen conditions.

The US continues to experience above-average temperatures for the season, which federal agencies say may drive another intense year of wildfire activity.

Federal wildland firefighting reorganisation raises safety concerns: Summary

President Donald Trump signed an order consolidating federal wildland firefighting duties.

The new Federal Wildland Fire Service would be created under the Department of the Interior.

Personnel would transfer from the Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service.

The change affects responsibilities spread across five agencies and two Cabinet departments.

AP News reported that no cost or savings estimate has been released.

Fire season is already underway across parts of the United States.

Critics, including former Forest Service chiefs, said the move could increase the risk of large fires.

A letter to lawmakers said consolidation could put communities and resources at greater risk.

The plan was not accompanied by any mention of climate change.

Environmental groups said it would prioritise suppression over prevention.

A similar proposal is backed by Senators Alex Padilla and Tim Sheehy.

Sheehy founded an aerial firefighting company that holds federal contracts.

Trump also signed a law enabling military aircraft sales for firefighting.

An emergency designation now applies to 176,000 square miles of forest land.

Many affected forests are located in western states and face high wildfire risk.

The designation includes areas in the South, Great Lakes and New England.

IAFC outlines Trump Administration’s FY 2026 fire and emergency budget plans

US fire service funding maintained, homeland grants reduced

The International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) has reported that President Trump released more details of the FY 2026 United States budget proposal on 31 May.

According to the IAFC Government Relations and Policy Department, the budget proposes level funding for key fire service grant programmes but includes reductions in other homeland security areas.

The Assistance to Firefighters Grant (AFG) and Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response (SAFER) programmes would each receive $324 million.

This matches funding levels approved for FY 2024 and FY 2025.

The State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP) would decrease from $468 million to $351 million.

The Urban Areas Security Initiative (UASI) would be reduced from $553.5 million to $415.5 million.

The U.S. Fire Administration would receive $64.166 million, including funding for the National Emergency Response Information System (NERIS).

Wildland fire service restructured under new agency

The IAFC stated that the Trump Administration proposes creating a U.S. Wildland Fire Service (USWFS) under the Department of the Interior.

This agency would consolidate all federal wildland fire response bureaus and functions.

The USWFS would oversee suppression response, wildfire risk reduction, and coordination with non-federal partners.

It would also employ all federal wildland firefighting personnel, manage federal fire equipment, and direct response policy.

A separate $2.85 billion Wildfire Operations Reserve Fund would also be established.

Existing programmes within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, including State Fire Assistance and Volunteer Fire Assistance, would be eliminated and potentially transferred to the USWFS.

The budget includes permanent salary increases for federal and tribal wildland firefighters.

According to the IAFC, the proposed funding covers new special salary rates and premium incident response pay introduced in Public Law 119–4.

Tribal nations would also receive funds to offer similar pay increases.

Health and safety provisions for fire and EMS personnel

The FY 2026 budget includes $94.7 billion for the Department of Health and Human Services.

The IAFC reported that several public health agencies would be consolidated into a new Administration for a Healthy America, with a $19 billion allocation.

The National Firefighter Registry for Cancer would receive $6 million, representing a $500,000 increase.

The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory would be defunded.

The World Trade Center Health Program would continue to receive federal support.

According to the IAFC, the State Opioid Response and other behavioural health emergency grants are being reorganised into a single Behavioral Health Innovation Block Grant.

The effects on the rural health-focused SIREN programme remain uncertain.

A further reorganisation would create a $3.7 billion Assistant Secretary for a Healthy Future by combining the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response with ARPA-H.

Hazmat and transportation safety funding allocated

The IAFC reported that the Department of Transportation would receive $121.4 million for Hazardous Materials Safety and Emergency Preparedness Grants under the FY 2026 proposal.

This includes $66.9 million for hazmat safety operations.

A further $48.8 million would be allocated to hazmat training grants for first responders and local governments.

An additional $2.5 million is allocated for Pipeline Emergency Response Grants.

The Information Grants to Communities programme would receive $2 million.

The IAFC said these allocations support frontline response capabilities in hazardous material incidents.

IAFC urges congressional protection of local emergency support programmes

The IAFC stated that it will continue to advocate for strong federal support for fire and EMS departments.

The organisation noted concerns about a policy shift that places more responsibility for emergency response on individual states.

It said such changes must not weaken the role of federal programmes in supporting local responders.

The IAFC encouraged its members to remain updated on legislative developments as Congress begins reviewing and amending the FY 2026 budget proposal.

IAFC outlines Trump Administration’s FY 2026 fire and emergency budget plans: Summary

President Trump released further details of the FY 2026 budget on 31 May 2025.

The IAFC reported that AFG and SAFER fire service grants would remain funded at $324 million each.

Homeland security grants SHSGP and UASI would be reduced.

The U.S. Fire Administration would receive $64.166 million, including support for NERIS.

The Trump Administration proposes creating a new U.S. Wildland Fire Service under the Department of the Interior.

The new agency would consolidate federal wildland fire responsibilities and personnel.

A $2.85 billion Wildfire Operations Reserve Fund would also be established.

State Fire Assistance and Volunteer Fire Assistance programmes would be discontinued.

The budget includes pay increases for federal and tribal wildland firefighters.

The Department of Health and Human Services would be reorganised under a $94.7 billion proposal.

The National Firefighter Registry for Cancer would receive a $500,000 funding increase.

The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory would be defunded.

Hazardous materials safety and training grants would total $121.4 million under the Department of Transportation.

The IAFC stated it will continue to advocate for federal funding of fire and EMS departments.

NIOSH firefighter health researchers temporarily reinstated amid federal layoffs

Firefighter health staff recalled following public pressure

The Trump administration has reinstated some National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) employees who had been laid off, including staff focused on firefighter health and safety, according to Politico.

The employees were called back temporarily until 2 June, but the future of the affected programmes remains uncertain.

The reinstatement affects workers tracking cancer rates among firefighters and supporting 9/11 survivors.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has not committed to a permanent return, but a spokesperson said: “It could be a possibility that [certain NIOSH employees] will be brought back permanently.”

The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) said the decision followed “direct talks” between the union and HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Union and senator raise concerns over programme future

IAFF President Edward A. Kelly said in a statement: “It was explained to me that the Reduction in Force (RIF) ordered by a White House Executive Order was misinterpreted by ‘mid-level bureaucrats,’ and our programs — which Secretary Kennedy assured me were ‘critical’ — would continue.”

Kelly added that Kennedy claimed core firefighter safety teams would remain in place.

Senator Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.) expressed concern that NIOSH roles at the Morgantown, West Virginia office, affected by mass layoffs on 1 April, might not be permanently restored.

Capito told Politico: “They did call some people back, which we’re very pleased about. But in terms of the technicalities of permanent [reduction in force], I think that still does loom out there.”

Capito also raised concerns about the Black Lung programme and said she remained “cautiously optimistic” about an extension beyond June.

Staff called back with unclear status

Two NIOSH employees who spoke to Politico anonymously said human resources contacted them and asked them to return to finish prior assignments.

One worker said the team was told to return despite no official job offer or documentation confirming permanent reinstatement.

Another NIOSH staff member said their coal mine safety office had received instructions to return but still faced the same termination dates.

The employee added that this also applied to some workers on the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program.

One worker said: “Everyone is very suspicious that this is just being done to create the appearance that HHS is addressing concerns. But programs will still be effectively eliminated in June.”

Broader cuts affected national safety research

The layoffs are part of a wider HHS restructuring that affected multiple agencies, including the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and NIOSH.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. previously said up to 20 percent of those laid off could be rehired.

On 28 April, Kennedy posted on X: “Firefighter health and safety programs remain a top priority … As the agency continues to streamline its operations, critical services of NIOSH will remain intact.”

The American Federation of Government Employees Local 3430 President Cathy Tinney-Zara said the decision did not apply to all affected staff.

In a statement, Tinney-Zara said: “These are undoubtedly vital initiatives, but they are only a portion of the comprehensive, nationwide worker protection mission NIOSH fulfills.”

NIOSH firefighter health researchers temporarily reinstated amid federal layoffs: Summary

The Trump administration has recalled some laid-off NIOSH staff.

The reinstated staff include those working on firefighter cancer tracking and support for 9/11 survivors.

The call-backs are currently scheduled to last until 2 June.

An HHS spokesperson said permanent reinstatement is possible but not confirmed.

The International Association of Fire Fighters said the decision followed talks with Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Senator Shelley Moore Capito said the situation in Morgantown, West Virginia remains uncertain.

Capito raised concerns about the future of the Black Lung programme.

NIOSH staff reported being contacted to return without formal reinstatement letters.

One worker said the move appears aimed at public relations, not programme restoration.

Some workers in coal mine safety and firefighter fatality investigations were also recalled.

Health Secretary Kennedy stated publicly that firefighter safety remains a priority.

The American Federation of Government Employees said the reinstatements are partial and focus on high-profile programmes.