All posts by : Iain Hoey

Jason McDaid, Fire Engineer and Founder of The 78% Club, examines Hidden Cognitive Strain and its impact on decision-making, accountability and organisational performance within fire safety practice

Every decision in fire safety carries a weight that few outside the profession truly see.

Behind every certificate, report, and sign-off stands a person balancing technical certainty with human responsibility.

The pressure is not only about the fear that lives might be lost, but about navigating a system where the boundaries between correct and incorrect are rarely clear.

Major fire tragedies rarely result from a single mistake.

They arise through a chain of small failures made at many different stages, from design through to building occupation.

Yet every professional involved carries their own share of responsibility, that one decision may someday become a weak link in that chain.

However, the day-to-day strain sits elsewhere.

It lives in the persistent pressure to meet compliance while satisfying clients, contractors, and local authorities.

It’s the constant balancing act of holding firm on safety amidst competing expectations, shifting information, and guidance that can be opaque.

Three professionals may read the same passage and walk away with different interpretations, yet the client demands a definitive answer.

This uncertainty carries its own kind of burden.

When rules feel open to interpretation or difficult to understand, confidence quietly erodes.

You start questioning your own judgement, especially when others seem certain of theirs.

This is not about lacking knowledge, it’s about seeking clarity in a world where even official guidance conflicts with itself.

What is Hidden Cognitive Strain?

Hidden Cognitive Strain (HCS) is the invisible mental load carried by those who appear to be coping or even excelling externally while internally running on empty.

It’s the sustained effort of maintaining function, professionally, socially, and emotionally, when the mind is already overstretched.

It’s not a diagnosis or clinical term, more of a lived experience.

Most who carry this load simply keep going, believing that pushing through is what professionals are meant to do.

Unlike ordinary stress, which fluctuates with workload, HCS is constant, quiet, and cumulative.

It makes everyday stress heavier because the mind never fully resets.

You may recover from a long week, but not from the ongoing effort of keeping everything together.

While work pressures can amplify it, HCS often begins long before the working day.

It builds through the balancing act of life, showing up, managing responsibilities, appearing calm while privately juggling fatigue, self-doubt, or worry.

In fire safety, this invisible load meets an environment demanding precision, accountability, and certainty.

You must think clearly, make confident calls, and present assurance even when you feel internally depleted.

Over time, this blend creates a new exhaustion, the exhaustion of sustaining composure when composure is part of the job.

How it shows up and the personal cost

HCS often reveals itself through the ways people try to cope.

The effort to stay composed becomes survival.

You recheck reports, over-prepare for meetings, or work longer hours to avoid mistakes.

Some people keep quiet in discussions so they can’t be wrong, while others take on more than they can manage to prove they’re still capable.

These strategies work for a while.

They keep things moving and maintain the appearance of competence.

Over time, the constant monitoring begins to drain energy and confidence.

The day doesn’t really end, it just pauses until the next one starts.

You meet deadlines, reports get done, clients stay happy, yet the sense of ease that used to come with competence fades away.

What remains is the quiet fatigue of holding it all together.

When enough people begin to cope this way, the strain stops being individual and starts becoming cultural.

Teams begin to mirror the same patterns, cautious decision-making, over-checking, and quiet exhaustion that passes for commitment.

The quiet denial is captured perfectly by the cartoon of the dog calmly sitting in a burning room saying, “This is fine”.

It reflects the coping culture that exists in much of fire safety.

HCS is the silent fatigue before the crash, the moment when mind and body keep working, but reserves are gone.

Some people eventually burn out, others leave the field, and many continue convinced this is just how it’s meant to feel.

The organisational cost

HCS rarely stays at individual level.

Once it becomes part of how people work, it begins to influence how teams operate and how organisations perform.

It shows up in small ways first: decisions taking longer, reports checked more than once, and an atmosphere of quiet caution replacing open discussion.

The quality of work may remain high, but the process behind it becomes slower and more draining.

Managers and senior staff often notice this shift before anyone else.

As confidence dips across teams, more time is spent on reassurance and oversight, and less on mentoring, planning, or innovation.

It’s not a lack of skill or care, it’s the natural consequence of people working close to their limits for too long.

Staff turnover rises as people leave roles out of fear of exposure or a sense of falling behind.

Each departure disrupts project flow and team continuity, especially when someone leaves mid-project or during a critical review stage.

Replacing experienced staff can be slow and difficult, vacancies may remain open for months, increasing the strain on those who stay.

When replacements are found, they are often less experienced graduates who need mentoring and supervision.

This disruption contributes to what organisational studies call turnover contagion, the tendency for one departure to increase the likelihood of others following.

The loss of a key or senior team member can create uncertainty, increase workload, and trigger self-doubt among those who remain.

The result is a compounding cycle: higher turnover, heavier workloads, slower progress, and growing fatigue across teams.

For organisations, this cycle erodes both confidence and continuity.

The work still gets done, but behind the output, morale and psychological safety decline.

Decisions become more conservative, review processes lengthen, risk appetite shrinks.

Projects that once felt collaborative begin to feel transactional.

Over time, this cautious culture limits growth, innovation, and trust.

There are warning signs that leaders can look for: rework on standard issues, extended internal reviews, short tenure in key roles, or a rise in informal checking and second opinions.

None of these are personal failings, they are signals that collective capacity is running low.

Addressing this does not start with wellness campaigns or motivational slogans.

It starts with clarity and proportion.

Defining what “good enough” looks like for routine scenarios.

Sharing ownership on complex decisions so accountability is distributed rather than isolating.

Protecting focused time for deep work instead of constant reaction.

And ensuring that handovers capture context as well as compliance.

When continuity holds, confidence holds.

When confidence holds, people think more clearly, teams perform better, and safety outcomes improve.

HCS is not only a personal burden, it’s an operational risk.

Recognising it early is part of good management, not a sign of weakness.

Moving forward

HCS isn’t complicated to fix once it’s recognised.

Openness, discussion, and simple shifts in culture can ease it faster than most expect.

When people feel safe to name it, the stigma of struggling begins to fade.

Talking about the strain early is vital.

Clear thinking underpins building safety, and relies on manageable pressure.

Taking five minutes at the end of a meeting to name what feels unclear or overloaded can prevent weeks of hidden stress.

Sharing accountability lightens the personal load.

Collaborative decision-making and joint sign-offs spread ownership and reduce the sense that risk rests on one person alone.

Agreeing on what “good enough” means stops work from slipping into endless checking and revision.

It helps set proportionate standards for common scenarios and restores balance between thoroughness and efficiency.

Normalising peer review also helps.

A quick second review is often more effective and less draining than marathon solo checks.

These small shifts change culture over time.

Hidden Cognitive Strain is not a flaw or an illness.

It’s part of being human in a profession that demands precision, responsibility, and care.

When we recognise and name it, people think more clearly, teams hold steadier, and the work becomes safer for everyone.

Because our wellbeing is part of safety, not separate from it.

It strengthens the chain that connects every decision we make.

This was originally published in the April 2026 Edition of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE copy, click here.