Blackpool Airport fire service appoints new Senior Airport Fire Officer

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Paul Lake brings more than 40 years of aviation firefighting and rescue experience to Blackpool Airport fire service

Blackpool Airport fire service has appointed Paul Lake as Senior Airport Fire Officer. Bringing more than 40 years of aviation firefighting and rescue experience, he joins the airport as it continues to support its long-term growth and operational resilience.

Blackpool Airport has appointed Paul Lake as its new Senior Airport Fire Officer (SAFO), bringing more than four decades of aviation fire and rescue experience gained across military, civilian and international airport operations.

Lake will lead the airport’s fire service, drawing on a career that has spanned operational leadership, firefighter training and international airport fire management in the UK and overseas.

He began his aviation firefighting career at Farnborough Airport before going on to hold senior operational and training roles at Boscombe Down, RAF Leeming, the International Fire Training Centre (IFTC) in Teesside, where he trained aviation firefighters from around the world, the International College of Engineering & Management in Oman and Falck Fire.

Most recently, he served as Chief Fire Officer at King Fahd International Airport in Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest airport by land area, leading a team of 150 firefighters across four fire stations.

Returning to the UK to join Blackpool Airport, Lake said: “After 40 years in the fire service I still love my job and I’m delighted to be back in the UK to take up the position of SAFO at Blackpool Airport.

“It’s an exciting time to join the airport and play a part in its growth masterplan. The team here is fantastic and it was great to see a few familiar faces from my time as an instructor in Teesside.”

Steve Peters, Airport Director, said: “We are very pleased to welcome Paul to Blackpool Airport. His wealth of experience, leadership credentials and international expertise make him an outstanding addition to our team.

“As the airport continues to develop and grow, Paul’s knowledge and commitment will be invaluable in ensuring the highest standards of safety and resilience.”

The appointment reinforces Blackpool Airport’s commitment to maintaining high operational standards while supporting its future growth and development plans.

London Fire Brigade faces £18m in cuts, FBU warns

by Breaking NewsEMSFire Brigades Union

The Fire Brigades Union (FBU) has claimed that the London Fire Brigade (LFB) is facing £6 million in budget cuts, with a further £12 million in what it described as “unidentified savings.”

In a statement released on its website, the union criticised the LFB for borrowing heavily for a new headquarters redevelopment while threatening these cuts to the already overstretched frontline.  

It said that the LFB 2026-2027 budget submission also removes key operational budgets such as for uniform and communications upgrades.  

David Shek, Fire Brigades Union Executive Council Member for London said that “senior leaders of the London Fire Brigade are sitting on reserves and borrowing millions for property projects while fire engines sit idle, without enough firefighters to crew them.” 

The FBU has alleged that between 1 January and 8 November 2025, the full fleet of fire engines was only available for 33 shifts as a result of cuts to crewing, amounting to 1 in 20 shifts.

It said the last time that every LFB fire engine was available was 30 September.  

FBU announce firefighters will oppose “disastrous” policy at scrutiny meeting

by Featured NewsFire Brigades UnionProducts

The Fire Brigades Union (FBU) has announced that firefighters have address a meeting of the county council’s fire scrutiny panel Friday 7 March, calling on councillors to recommend that Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue service drops plans to change shift patterns. 

The Fire Brigades Union has warned that changing day shifts from 8am to 7pm instead of 9am to 6pm for wholetime (full time) firefighters risks forcing many firefighters out of the service. 

In letters to councillors, over 70 firefighters from across Gloucestershire have raised concerns that the imposed changes to working hours will increase childcare and caring costs for firefighters already struggling with the cost-of-living crisis.  

Ten frontline firefighters have been invited to address the meeting of the scrutiny panel and Gloucestershire fire and rescue service’s chief fire officer. The fire scrutiny panel comprises of county councillors, who have the power to recommend against this change. 

FBU officials say that the county council will be punishing women in the service instead of supporting them, while the change in working hours will have a detrimental impact on firefighter and public safety. 

Brigade Organiser, Fire Brigades Union, Kate Yhnell’s statement

Kate Yhnell, Fire Brigades Union Brigade Organiser for Gloucestershire said: “Gloucestershire firefighters are urging all members of the county council fire scrutiny committee to recommend against disastrous changes to working hours tomorrow.

“Forcing firefighters to work eleven hour shifts will only pile unnecessary pressure on the frontline.

“We are raising the alarm that exhausting the workforce and pushing many firefighters out of the service will create an avoidable staffing crisis, risking public safety.

“Gloucestershire fire and rescue service should be supporting women and those with caring responsibilities, not punishing them with this additional financial and mental burden. 

“To avoid potential industrial action, Gloucestershire county council must start listening to firefighters and reverse this decision.” 

Regional Secretary, Fire Brigades Union, Dave Roberts’ statement

“Gloucestershire county council fire scrutiny panel stated that the decision was properly consulted on, but firefighters feel they have not been given a genuine opportunity to voice their concerns.

“This policy is being imposed with little regard for its consequences, and it is unacceptable that Gloucestershire fire and rescue service are proceeding against the wishes of those on the frontline.” 

Firefighters called on councillors in Gloucestershire to drop shift change plans, announce FBU: Summary

Firefighters have recommended that Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue service drops plans to change shift patterns.

Kate Yhnell, Fire Brigades Union Brigade Organiser for Gloucestershire said they were raising the alarm that exhausting the workforce and pushing many firefighters out of the service will create an avoidable staffing crisis.

FBU General Secretary calls for commitment to workers rights

by Featured NewsFire Brigades UnionPeople

The newly elected Fire Brigades Union General Secretary, Steve Wright has warned Rachel Reeves against `invoking Margaret Thatcher‘, calling for the government to deliver manifesto commitments to workers’ rights in full.

The FBU welcomes the Chancellor’s assurance that there will be no scaling back of the Labour government’s employment rights legislation.

General Secretary, Fire Brigades Union, Steve Wright’s statement

Steve Wright said: “It was concerning to see the Prime Minister use a media intervention about the government’s growth plans to invoke the policies of the Thatcher government.

“The FBU was at the forefront of the fight back against Thatcher’s attacks on workers’ rights and jobs, all of which were continued by successive Tory governments up until and including that led by Rishi Sunak.

“The FBU believe that the Labour government’s Employment Rights Bill is critical to growing the economy, as a properly paid workforce that is better protected against unfair dismissal and has more secure employment is essential to delivering greater growth.

“With the Bill due to pass through parliament in a matter of weeks, the government must ensure the legislation on workers’ rights is in place much faster than the planned timeframe of autumn 2026.

“The ban on exploitative zero-hour contacts and additional protection against unfair dismissal must come into force by this summer at the very latest.

“However, the full delivery of the Labour manifesto commitment on workers’ rights must be reflected in substantial pay rises for firefighters and all other workers.

“The statutory living wage must also be increased to well over £15 per hour by the time the employment rights bill becomes law.

“The Labour government will only achieve its ambitious growth plans if it acts swiftly to place more money in the pockets of workers in secure jobs.”

FBU’s General Secretary has warned government against Thatcher behaviour: Summary

Newly elected Fire Brigades Union General Secretary, Steve Wright has stated that the FBU believe the Labour government’s Employment Rights Bill is critical to growing the economy.

London Fire Brigade carries out counter-terrorism training for NATO

by Featured NewsFire Brigades Union

London Fire Brigade has begun conducting training around how emergency services respond to terrorist incidents, on behalf of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the world’s largest defence alliance.

Twenty-one delegates from countries across North Africa and the Middle East took part in training with officers from the UK’s National Inter-Agency Liaison Officer (NILO) Network, which is managed by the Brigade.

The training aims to ensure that first responders, both civilian and military, can effectively work together when responding to acts of terror, as well as introduce basic coordination plans that can be used by emergency services.

Officers from law enforcement, emergency services and military backgrounds attended the course. Delegates heard from the Brigade’s officers about how emergency services and public bodies in the UK coordinate their response to emergency situations.

This included sharing the UK’s Joint Emergency Service Interoperability Principles (JESIP).

The course also covered how the Brigade and partners have responded to major incidents in recent years, such as the London Bridge attack in 2017 and the 2018 Salisbury Poisonings.

The training culminated in a tabletop exercise for delegates where they were able to put everything they had learned into practice, with a tactical exercise designed to test their response to a potential major incident.

NILO’s background

The NILO Network started in 2001, when officers from the Brigade began looking at how to respond to an act of terror. For over two decades the Brigade has continued to develop its expertise in this area, initially working to improve capabilities across the UK.

The partnership with NATO grew out of the Brigade’s involvement in the Counter Terrorism Preparedness Network (CTPN), which brings together the mayors and counter terrorism leads of major European cities.

In these meetings it became clear that the Brigade’s expertise could be used to train NATO partners. As a result, the programme has been created, with additional support from the US State Department, with the aim of helping first responders increase public safety globally.

Assistant Commissioner, London Fire Brigade, Patrick Goulbourne’s statement

Assistant Commissioner Patrick Goulbourne and NILO National Co-ordinator, said: “Whenever an act of terror occurs, the effects can be felt around the world.

“In response to this risk, the Brigade is using its expertise to ensure first responders in different nations are equipped to respond in the worst-case scenarios.

“Partnering with NATO and the US State Department, brings our collective expertise together to reduce risk, improve interoperability, and to protect communities wherever they happen to be. It also gives us the chance to learn from partners on how we can improve our service to London and Londoners.”

Head of Counter Terrorism, NATO, Gabriele Cascone’s statement

Gabriele Cascone, NATO’s Head of Counter Terrorism, said: “Inter-agency cooperation is a fundamental and key element in the fight against terrorism and in NATO’s work in this domain.

“The NATO Counterterrorism Interagency Coordination training introduces, and initiates assistance-eligible NATO partners the UK National Interagency Liaison Officer (NILO) as an inter-agency co-ordination model for responding to terrorist attacks.

“With this introduction to the NILO approach, we expect participants will learn how to best respond to terrorist incidents and improve the co-ordination of information, intelligence, and capabilities to facilitate an effective, multi-agency response.”

Collaboration

NATO’s Counter-Terrorism Section is also developing and conducting counterterrorism courses for assistance-eligible NATO partner countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Gulf, and Sahel regions thanks to the financial support provided by the United States to the NATO National Contributory Fund.

The programme encompasses both civilian law enforcement/criminal justice agencies as well as armed forces, defence, and security officials.

This is done with a view toward strengthening overall civil-military cooperation and information sharing on counterterrorism efforts through a holistic, whole-of-government approach, in counter-terrorism areas of work such as: Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear defence, battlefield evidence, countering terrorism financing, border security and response to terrorist incidents.

NATO training provided by London Fire Brigade: Summary

The London Fire Brigade has begun providing training on how emergency services respond to terrorist incidents, in collaboration with NATO.

The Assistant Commissioner, Patrick Goulbourne said the Brigade is using its expertise to ensure first responders across different nations are prepared in the worst-case scenarios.

Fire Brigades Union former General Secretary calls for investigation

by Featured NewsFire Brigades Union

Data collected by Legal Expert has cast light on the threat faced by firefighters around the UK and led to Matt Wrack, former General Secretary of the Fire Brigades Union, to call for urgent change.

The information, which was gathered through Freedom of Information requests sent to nearly 40 fire services around the UK, shows that members of the public attacked crew members on thousands of occasions.

Firefighters were subjected to physical attacks, verbal assault and threats of violence, with numerous missiles thrown at them and their appliances during operations.

National stats suggest trend

Statistics published by the Home Office indicate that there were 96 injuries suffered from attacks during England-based operational incidents in 2023/24. Not only was this a rise of more than 25% on the year before, but it was the highest figure recorded in any of the past 15 years, and a 284% increase on the 25 cases noted in 2014/15.

Firefighters suffered 82 slight injuries and 14 serious injuries, according to the data.

Former General Secretary, Fire Brigades Union, Matt Wrack’s statement

Before leaving his role in January, Fire Brigades Union General Secretary Matt Wrack called for greater trust and protection for firefighters when responding to the data collected by Legal Expert.

Wrack said: “Firefighters must be able to respond to emergencies everywhere without fear of abuse or injury from attacks.

It is vital that fire and rescue services retain and build trust with local communities, but community engagement projects have been cut while firefighters are sent out with fewer resources and smaller crews.

“Some services are now overseen by police commissioners, which jeopardises public perception of the service as independent and humanitarian. We need investment in the fire and rescue service to reduce the risks firefighters face while they are protecting others.”

Over 1000 incidents shared by two fire services

West Midlands Fire Service took in 666 reports of violent activity between April 2020 and November 2024–with the data covering a period more than a year shorter than that of most other services.

There were 449 cases of verbal abuse, at a rate above one every four days. Only three other services across the UK reported more instances of physical or verbal attacks in six years than the 180 seen in the West Midlands in 2023 alone.

Detailed Staffordshire reports give insight into everyday threats

Fire service staff have felt the strain in recent years, with one report showing a 40% rise in mental health-related absences. Multiple services also saw staff miss significant amounts of time because of attacks by members of the public.

The London Fire Brigade lost 372 working days due to assault-related absence, 259 of which involved staff in Barnet. Northern Irish staff were also significantly affected, with three injured crew members missing 103 days between them.

Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service, which noted 56 incidents including 17 physical assaults, provided summaries of its reports. An April 2022 case noted how the family member of a person who died in an incident attacked one firefighter, scratching their face, then “tried to run down” two more.

In another incident, Tamworth Fire Station was informed that a first responder was struck on the ankle when a member of the public threw tiles from the roof of a building. Fire services across the UK shared reports of missiles being thrown, with objects including bricks, stones, eggs and fireworks all aimed at staff.

Ex- General Secretary for the Fire Brigades Union calls for end to violence: Summary

Matt Wrack, the now former General Secretary of the Fire Brigades Union, has called for an investigation to be made into the increased level of violent attacks made towards firefighters.

Fire Brigades Union says Gloucestershire’s change to working hours will be damaging

by Featured NewsFire Brigades Union

The Fire Brigades Union (FBU) has raised widespread concerns that the imposed changes to working hours will make the job too costly for those with childcare or caring responsibilities. They have acknowledged how these decisions will take a toll on the mental health of a workforce already under pressure.

At a Scrutiny Committee meeting, Councillor Dave Norman confirmed that the county council will move ahead with changing firefighters’ shifts from nine hour days and 15 hour nights, to 11 hour days and 13 hour nights for wholetime community fire stations.

This decision has been made regardless of the Scrutiny Committee raising the need for a consultation process involving firefighters, after councillors received a number of letters and emails opposing the change.

Alongside written complaints, 25 firefighters attended the public meeting in opposition to these changes. In the wake of this, the FBU warn that firefighters have extended a warning to Gloucestershire County Council that they will be fighting the decision.

Kate Yhnell, Fire Brigades Union, Brigade Organiser’s statement

Fire Brigades Union, Brigade Organiser for Gloucestershire, Kate Yhnell said of the issue that: “No firefighter should be put in a position where it is cheaper for them to quit because of the cost of childcare around unworkable shifts.

“Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue offers the worst maternity provision in the country. Instead of improving support for women in the workplace, it is now punishing parents and carers with this unnecessary and damaging policy. “

Dave Roberts, Fire Brigades Union, Regional Secretary for the South West’s statement

Dave Roberts, Fire Brigades Union Regional Secretary for the South West said of the decision that: “Firefighters are dedicated to protecting our communities, and work extremely hard under immense pressure to save lives and homes.

Gloucestershire County Council has chosen to insult the frontline by refusing to listen to any of the serious issues raised around changes to working hours. This will only have a detrimental effect on the working lives of firefighters in the region, and the service as a whole. “

“We will do everything in our power to reverse this nonsensical decision.”

Ben Selby, Fire Brigades Union, Assistant General Secretaries statement

The Fire Brigades Union, Assistant General Secretary, Ben Selby discussed how this decision will impact female members of staff, saying: “Gloucestershire fire and rescue service cannot claim to be supporting or recruiting women firefighters while implementing shifts that increase financial pressures on those with caring responsibilities.”

Impact of Gloucestershire’s change to working hours will be damaging say The Fire Brigades Union: Summary

The Fire Brigades Union have spoken out about changes to the shift patterns of firefighters under the Gloucestershire County Council, calling them damaging and nonsensical.

Mental health crisis is costing millions say UK Fire & Rescue Service

by Featured NewsFire Brigades UnionPeople

“Firefighters are being pushed beyond limits to keep the public safe,” says Fire Brigades Union.

Data obtained by Accident Claims Advice (ACA) via Freedom of Information Request to UK Fire Services has found that work-related stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD were the most common conditions cited for staff mental health absences in the last three years. 

Out of thirty four Fire and Rescue Services that responded to the request in full before the deadline, thirty people reported a rise in staff absences due to mental health.

Cost of the mental health crisis

What’s more, the estimated total cost of all sickness absences (including for mental health) since 2021 is £84m at London Fire Brigade alone – so is likely to be well in excess of £100m for the UK’s fire services as whole.

Between 2021 and 2024 more than 24,000 UK Fire Service staff took at least one day off work due to mental health, with the figure rising year on year.

In 2021/22, 7,359 staff absences were recorded, rising to 8,300 the following year.

The figure has now reached a three-year-high with 10,338 UK fire staff mental health absences recorded – a rise of 40% compared with 2021/22.

The London Fire Brigade estimates that the total cost of all sickness absences to the service amounted to £25,693,253.88 between 2021/22 rising to £28,697,037.01 and is now at a three-year-high with the estimated cost to the service standing at £29,552,381.75 for 2023/24.

Fire Brigades Union General Secretaries statement

The Fire Brigades Union General Secretary, Matt Wrack, told ACA: “We are facing a mental health crisis in the fire and rescue service. Since attending traumatic incidents is an unavoidable part of the job for firefighters, mental health support is vital.

“After a decade of cuts and to address this crisis, we need central government to provide the investment needed to rebuild the service.”

Nationwide impact

Across the UK, the biggest increase in staff mental health sickness absences was recorded at Cumbria Fire and Rescue which saw a 75 per cent rise between 2021 and 2024. It is followed by Surrey Fire and Rescue which saw an increase of 68 per cent and Royal Berkshire, where staff mental health absences rose by 67 per cent in the last three years.

The highest number of mental health staff absences was at London Fire Brigade, where a total of 1,129 have been logged in the last three years.

UK Fire & Rescue discuss impact of mental health crisis: Summary

The Fire Brigades Union have spoken out about increased amount of firefighters who are struggling with their mental health.

General Secretary for the FBU, Mark Wrack, highlighted why firefighters might be struggling. Noting attending traumatic incidents and decades of cuts to the service as being impacting factors.

FBU condemns Staffordshire Fire and Rescue for sending reduced crews to incidents

by Featured NewsFire Brigades Union

The Fire Brigades Union has condemned Staffordshire Fire and Rescue’s decision to send on call firefighters to incidents in under resourced crews of three per engine change.

A team of five firefighters is the safe operational standard; three firefighters arriving at an incident are unable to operate breathing apparatus, or to respond to high-risk incidents.

On-call firefighters will continue to attend automatic fire alarms, which have the potential to be life threatening.

One hundred and thirty Staffordshire firefighters signed a letter in opposition to the reduction in crew size, citing concerns that teams of three do not have the capacity to safety respond to high-risk incidents.

Fire Brigades Union Brigade Secretaries statement

Martin Starkey, Fire Brigades Union Brigade Secretary for Staffordshire said: “A crew of three firefighters is fundamentally incapable of safely responding to high-risk incidents upon arrival.

“The public consultation cited to support this reckless policy was deeply flawed, with only 1,500 respondents answering a question deliberately framed to elicit a specific answer. Such a low level of participation cannot be taken as evidence of any meaningful support for this dangerous approach.”

Fire Brigades Union General Secretaries statement

Matt Wrack, Fire Brigades Union general secretary said: “Firefighters should never be put in the terrible position of waiting at an incident for back-up, unable to take action safely because there are only three in the team. A team of five firefighters is the professional and safe operational level.”

Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Services condemned by Fire Brigades Union: Summary

The Fire Brigades Union have called Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Services decision to send three firefighters to an incident a dangerous policy that must be ended immediately.

Brigade Secretary for Staffordshire, Martin Starkey, reiterated the importance of a firefighters safety and how when a fire engine arrives to an incident there is an expectation that the necessary resources will be available. Starkey added that with a limited crew of three, back-up is needed.

New data reveals scale of job cuts in fire and rescue services across UK

by Featured NewsFire Brigades UnionHealth and SafetySafety

New figures obtained by the Fire Brigades Union reveal that 12,000 firefighter posts have been lost to cuts since 2010, leaving the UK without the resilience needed to guarantee public safety. (1)

One in five firefighter jobs (21%) across the UK have been axed in the last 14 years. One in three fire control staff, who take emergency calls and mobilise crews, have been cut.

Meanwhile, response times to life-threatening fires have slowed by three minutes, from 6.11 minutes in 1995 to 9.13 minutes in 2023.

England was the worst impacted, with 10,000 jobs cut (22%). In the same period, Scotland lost 1,400 firefighters (18%), Wales lost 500 (13%), and Northern Ireland lost over 200 (12%).

12 fire and rescue services in England have lost a quarter or more of their workforce. The worst hit service was Buckinghamshire, which has been cut by over 40%.

The FBU has also found that 4,000 firefighters have both a full-time and an on-call contract, meaning that they will be counted as two firefighters in the data. This double counting means that the numbers employed and available at any one time are significantly lower than official figures suggest.

Matt Wrack, Fire Brigades Union general secretary said:
“Fourteen years of austerity have devastated the fire and rescue service. Every region has been hit, with 12,000 firefighters lost to cuts across the UK.
“With flooding, wildfires and storms on the rise as a result of the climate emergency, firefighters are being asked to do more with less. 999 response times are slower than ever before, putting homes and lives at risk.
“To protect the public, Labour must invest in the fire and rescue service as a matter of urgency.”

(1) A full breakdown of the data by fire and rescue service, obtained by Freedom of Information requests, can be found below.
(2) According to annual Home Office data on average response times Fire statistics data tables – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

Fire and Rescue Service 2010 numbers 2024 numbers Number of firefighters cut % decrease

Scotland 7,712 6,306 -1,406 -18%
Northern Ireland 1,994 1,762 -232 -12%
Mid and West Wales 1,196 1,119 -77 -6%
North Wales 883 724 -159 -18%
South Wales 1,666 1,404 -262 -16%
Cleveland 629 409 -220 -35%
Durham 579 512 -67 -12%
Northumberland 430 322 -108 -25%
Tyne and Wear 940 637 -303 -32%
Humberside 1,053 833 -220 -21%
North Yorkshire 773 599 -174 -23%
South Yorkshire 936 748 -188 -20%
West Yorkshire 1,720 1,103 -617 -36%
Cheshire 746 660 -86 -12%
Cumbria 738 490 -248 -34%
Greater Manchester 1,992 1,397 -595 -30%
Lancashire 1,336 1,070 -266 -20%
Merseyside 1,204 1,010 -194 -16%
North West Fire Control 0 69 69 N/A
Derbyshire 779 734 -45 -6%
Leicestershire 796 624 -172 -22%
Lincolnshire 757 612 -145 -19%
Northamptonshire 575 410 -165 -29%
Nottinghamshire 973 651 -322 -33%
Hereford & Worcester 723 622 -101 -14%
Shropshire 573 485 -88 -15%
Staffordshire 930 695 -235 -25%
Warwickshire 457 429 -28 -6%
West Midlands 1,933 1,417 -516 -27%
Bedfordshire 499 458 -41 -8%
Cambridgeshire 695 535 -160 -23%
Essex 1,415 1,171 -244 -17%
Hertfordshire 842 725 -117 -14%
Norfolk 861 781 -80 -9%
Suffolk 782 595 -187 -24%
London 6,018 4,669 -1,349 -22%
Berkshire 579 464 -115 -20%
Buckinghamshire 625 369 -256 -41%
East Sussex 734 552 -182 -25%
Hampshire & IW 1,837 1,402 -435 -24%
Kent 1,663 1,189 -474 -29%
Oxfordshire 652 563 -89 -14%
Surrey 753 621 -132 -18%
West Sussex 825 632 -193 -23%
Avon 970 750 -220 -23%
Cornwall 647 576 -71 -11%
Devon and Somerset 2,058 1,688 -370 -17%
Dorset and Wiltshire 1,297 1,007 -290 -22%
Gloucestershire 523 403 -120 -23%
UK 59,298 47,003 -12,295 -21%

Data is from Home Office, Stats Wales, SFRS, NIFRS and FBU Freedom of information requests. 2024 figures except for Nottinghamshire, London, Avon, who failed to provide these.