Firefighting boots: Adaptive footwear for modern fire challenges

HAIX explores the shift from traditional firefighting boots to advanced designs that meet the demands of both urban and wildfire scenarios in England

England isn’t typically known for its hot and dry summers unlike other parts of the world; however, the country experiences an average of 30,000 wildfires annually, which is three times the number in Greece and four times that of Canada.

Although Canadian and Greek wildfires typically burn more hectares and cause greater devastation, the persistent and growing problem of wildfires in England is undeniable.

Trends over the past decade show fluctuations, but the overall increase in wildfire incidents highlights that it is now crucial that firefighters are equipped with the appropriate wildfire footwear to enable day-to-day use as well as fight wildfires when they arise.

The growing wildfire problem

The key trend of concern to Fire and Rescue Services is the increase in both size and intensity of wildfires, this is directly linked to more typical dry air ‘wildfire weather’.

These extreme wildfire weather events are increasing in frequency and set to get worse due to climate change, which is something already showing in Europe over the last few decades.

Over the past 12 years, around 79,000 hectares of land has been burnt by wildfires in England and fire and rescue services have been increasingly burdened by wildfires.

From 2009-10 to 2020-21, there were over 360,000 wildfire incidents, burning more than 79,000 hectares of land and consuming nearly 540,000 hours of firefighting time.

Peak years such as 2011-12, had around 47,000 incidents, and the most devastating year, 2018-19, which saw over 26,000 hectares burnt, illustrates the significant impact wildfires are having.

Changing times call for changing footwear

Traditionally, firefighters have relied on a combination of wellington boots and structural boots, however, neither of these are ideal for combating wildfires.

Structural boots, designed for urban firefighting, offer excellent protection against heat and sharp objects but are often too heavy and cumbersome for the varied terrains and response times encountered during wildfires.

Wellington boots, while lighter, do not provide the necessary protection or support for prolonged and arduous wildfire conditions.

The current issued footwear fails to meet the demands of wildfire situations where firefighters cover long distances and endure extended hours.

This leads to severe discomfort, blisters, and more painful outcomes like the loss of toenails, compromising the effectiveness and safety of firefighters during life-saving wildfire operations.

Firefighters need to be issued footwear that is comfortable for both tasks, structural firefighting for short duration use and long-use wildfire incidents.

There are boots on the market that do both.

Keeping ahead of the problem

Specialist wildfire designed PPE is becoming a necessity to protect the health of firefighters.

The traditional approach to firefighting footwear is no longer sufficient and firefighters should now be equipped with structural boots as well as more lightweight boots that provide added comfort and protection for extended use, or ideally a boot that does both.

With climate change creating more unpredictable and extreme wildfire conditions, the versatility of the footwear and other equipment worn by firefighters is key.

As new material develops, firefighting boots will become lighter and more flexible without sacrificing protection and comfort, making them ideal for wildfire use.

The challenge with structural boots is that they’re designed to be worn for shorter periods of time, meaning in wildfire situations they become increasingly uncomfortable.

However, A boot such as the HAIX Fire Eagle 2.0 is a fully certified structural fire boot that works perfectly as a wildfire boot and technical rescue boot as it’s flexible and lighter than other options on the market while still providing the protection of a structural boot.

This makes the boot more forgiving on the feet for longer duration use and limits the risk of blistering and other injuries.

Feedback and continuous innovation

HAIX works closely with Fire and Rescue Services internationally, exhibiting at the UK Wildfire conference, the National Fire Chiefs Council PPE conference, and key trade shows such as the Emergency Services Show in the UK and Interschutz in Germany.

This enables HAIX experts to understand the requirements and challenges faced by the industry, allowing the company to incorporate these learnings into its boot designs.

HAIX is in constant communication with firefighters on the changing requirements in the UK, as well as using the knowledge gained from across the world where wildfires have been more prevalent over recent years to ensure boots meet and address firefighter needs.

To specifically consider the risk of wildfires, HAIX works closely with wildfire specialists in the UK who wear trial a range of products.

One of those wildfire experts is Andy Elliott, Director of Wildfire Training and Consultancy Ltd.

Who has been an operational firefighter for more than 40 years. Andy has worked on prescribed fires and wildfires on four continents.

Andy commented: “I have worn many different makes of fire boot over the years.

“All provide protection from the outside, but very few protect your feet on the inside; the bit that keeps you going all day.

“I have recently moved to HAIX boots for both wildfire and daily wear.

“I have used the Fire Eagle, Special Fighter Pro and the Missoula boot for wildfires and the Black Eagle Safety 50 high and mid safety boots for daily wear.

“Since moving to HAIX, I have not suffered from sore feet, blisters or lost any toenails.

“I still walk as far as I ever did, I can now do it in comfort in all weathers and conditions.

“HAIX boots are strong enough to do the job excellently but light enough to keep the effort down and comfort levels very high.

“I can’t recommend them highly enough and I don’t see me switching to another brand anytime soon”.

This article was originally published in the September 2024 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

The evolution of safety footwear standards

Burlington Uniforms‘ General Manager, Tristan Weedon, discusses the evolution of safety footwear standards and their impact on workplace safety and worker wellbeing

One crucial piece of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is often underestimated: safety footwear.

Safety footwear acts as a shield against hazards, including impact, punctures, slips and falls, electrical hazards, chemical spills and extreme temperatures.

Steel toes or composite caps absorb the brunt of falling objects, preventing crushed or broken toes.

Thick, puncture-resistant soles protect feet from sharp objects like nails, screws, or metal shards, minimising the risk of painful puncture wounds and potential infections.

Slippery surfaces are a major cause of workplace accidents.

Safety footwear incorporates slip-resistant treads that provide superior traction, reducing the likelihood of a fall and associated injuries.

In environments with exposed electrical wiring or potential for static discharge, specialist non-conductive footwear can safeguard against electrical shocks.

Specific safety boots offer protection from chemical splashes or spills, preventing burns and skin irritation.

Meanwhile extreme temperatures can be hazardous for feet.

Insulated boots can regulate temperature, keeping feet comfortable and preventing burns or frostbite.

Selecting safety footwear – the basics

Procurement teams musts consider several key factors when buying safety footwear – the work environment, tasks performed and comfort.

Safety footwear shouldn’t come at the cost of comfort regardless of the occupation or setting.

Ill-fitting or uncomfortable footwear can lead to fatigue, decreased productivity and even an increased risk of accidents.

 In its Health & Safety at Work guidance – Working feet and footwear document, the Trades Union Congress (TUC) state: ‘Wherever special footwear is provided the employer must make sure that it fits properly and should allow the toes wiggle room (around 1cm gap between the longest toe and the end of the shoe)…’

Critical provision

Of course, there are certain professions, such as firefighting, where safety footwear is critical. For UK firefighters, every second counts.

Whether they’re responding to a late-night blaze or undergoing rigorous training exercises, comfort and safety are paramount.

There are varying degrees of fire safety footwear, from general station wear to specialist firefighting footwear, each must comply with the associated standards.

Station wear

Station boots are the workhorses of a firefighter’s station wear, providing vital support and protection throughout the day. Durability is key.

They need to withstand the rigours of daily use, from navigating uneven surfaces in the station yard to tackling demanding training drills.

But durability doesn’t come at the expense of comfort.

Firefighters often spend long hours on their feet, so station boots are designed to be comfortable for extended wear, preventing fatigue and ensuring readiness for an emergency call-out.

Historically, brigades have opted for EN ISO 20347 compliant occupational footwear, ensuring long-term wearability and support.

However, more recently and as risk assessments identify new hazards, buyers are switching over to EN ISO 20345.

Navigating EN ISO 20345:2011 to EN ISO 20345:2022

The standard is currently in transition from EN ISO 20345:2011 to EN ISO 20345:2022.

For manufacturers, the ability to continue production under valid EN ISO 20345:2011 certificates until 11th November 2024.

After this date, all existing certificates will expire at their designated date, at which time, safety footwear must be re-tested and certified against the updated requirements of EN ISO 20345:2022.

Notable changes

Most of the basic requirements remain the same for EN ISO 20345:2011 and EN ISO 20345:2022.

However, EN ISO 20345:2022 does includes some key changes, most notably – slip resistance.

The slip resistance testing procedure has been improved.

Previously, slip resistance could be checked against any part of the sole, now it must be tested specifically on the heel (heel strike area) and at the toes (push-off point), the two critical points where there is minimal contact with the ground.

All tests (SRA, SRB and SRC) and their associated markings are no longer used.

Instead, all appropriate safety shoes must demonstrate basic slip resistance.

Additional requirements

There are now also 18 potential additional requirements for occupational footwear, including six new ones – PL and PS under Perforation resistance; a new standalone additional test for Ladder Grip (LG); a new standard for Fuel oil resistance which now includes resistance to hydrocarbons (FO); a new SC marking for Scuff cap; and the old WRA marking for Water resistance has been replaced by WPA and a more stringent WR (water resistant) mark.

Protection levels

Under the 2011 standard, the protection levels were divided into six class: SB, S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5.

Under the new standard, there are now eight main protection classes with the addition of S6 and S7.

These replace S2 with Water Resistant Upper, now S6 and S3 with Water Resistant Upper, now S7 and are used to indicate those with higher water resistance properties in line with the new WR certification.

The class codes may also be followed by P, L (or PL) and S (or PS) to indicate additional perforation resistance in line with the P, PL and PS certifications.

Firefighters – Structural

UK firefighters need boots that can withstand intense heat, treacherous terrain and exposure to water, while still providing the flexibility and support for long hours on their feet.

Firefighter Structural boots prioritise heat and flame resistance through EN 15090.

EN 15090:2012 specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for the performance of three types of footwear used by firefighters for fire suppression, general-purpose rescue, fire rescue and emergencies involving hazardous materials.

These are classified as Class 1: footwear made from leather and other materials, excluding all-rubber or all-polymeric footwear and Class 2: all rubber (i.e., entirely vulcanised), all polymeric (manufactured in one piece) and hybrid footwear (polymeric) footwear with another material that extends the upper.

Ultimate protection

There are certain conditions which demand specialist kit, such as a High Volume Pump (HPV) shout and a Technical Rescue.

Both combine the safety features of EN ISO 20345 and EN 15090 to create a high performance boot.

In fact, there are an increasing number of boots tested to EN ISO 20345:2022 along with EN 15090.

This covers much more stringent safety checks on slip resistance, waterproofing, puncture protection etc.

Specialist Technical Rescue boots also often use additional safety features for protection against electrocution during live work or in proximity of live parts of plants up to 36000 V AC or 25000 V DC (EN 50321) and Chainsaw cut resistance (EN 17249).

Essential element

Safety footwear plays a vital role in UK firefighting, ensuring comfort, durability and protection throughout long shifts and in demanding conditions.

It’s an essential element of a healthy, productive and ultimately, successful work environment.

By prioritising appropriate footwear, employers can safeguard their workers physical wellbeing, reduce mental stress, create a culture of safety and peace of mind and help minimise the risk of accidents and the financial burden associated with workplace injury.

About Burlington Uniforms

Burlington Uniforms has a reputation as one of the UK’s leading uniform providers.

We focus on delivering innovation and excellence in line with our values, supplying exceptional uniforms, workwear and personal protective equipment (PPE) to a diverse clientele.

Established in 1974 as a Savile Row tailor by Anthony Hewitt, we are proud of our family roots, which provide the foundation for the friendly and attentive approach which runs throughout the business.

We provide an outstanding customer experience through unparalleled customer care and our hassle-free uniform supply service – offering sizing, customisation, branding and stock holding.

This is complemented by our innovative Wardrobe Management System which empowers clients to address their staff uniform requirements remotely and with ease.

A trusted and dedicated specialist supplier, we support some of the UK’s most prestigious brands, businesses and service providers, in both the public and private sector, offering a unique blend of personalised service and cutting-edge products.

You can reach us at 0208 443 6920, via email at sales@burlington-uniforms.co.uk, or visit our website at www.burlington-uniforms.co.uk.

This article was originally published in the September 2024 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Safe in every scenario with MSA

Aurelie Favre, Senior Marketing Manager presents MSA Safety’s range of protective gear and technology innovations designed to enhance firefighter safety and efficiency

How is MSA Safety helping firefighters navigate daily challenges?

MSA Safety has a range of solutions to help keep firefighters protected and connected at the fire scene, as well as providing firefighters with tools to simplify compliance and easily access data to help make their jobs easier and ensuring they’re prepared and ready to respond.

Firefighters face a multitude of unpredictable scenarios, ranging from technical rescue missions to wildland firefighting, and in the realm of emergency response, adaptability is an important factor.

Having the appropriate protective gear and technology to suit a given situation can make a difference.

We’re helping firefighters operate safer with new solutions and products that leverage technology and data to help products last longer, perform optimally, and bring awareness to their behaviors.

We’re looking forward to the Emergency Services Show and showcasing our industry-leading solutions including personal protective equipment, like MSA Bristol fire protective clothing, MSA GALLET® Fire Helmets, our M1 self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and MSA FireGrid software.

We have the solutions to help firefighters and brigades navigate their challenges through our ecosystem of fire service products.

What are the current trends in fire protective clothing and gear?

The role of protective clothing in helping to protect first responders is an area of particular focus.

Firefighters and decision makers should consider selecting PPE based on their agencies anticipated needs and adapting to evolving hazards, not only adherence to current standards.

Structural gear remains critical for most of the fire rescue services, but there are trends showing firefighters are looking for enhancements to their gear when it comes to fabrics.

MSA Bristol offers diverse types of protective clothing for the varied scenarios to which firefighters respond.

Whether fighting structural fires, navigating urban search and rescue missions, or confronting wildfires, each scenario may demand specialised PPE.

At ESS, MSA Safety will have the full line of Bristol fire protective clothing on display, including our newest design, the MSA Bristol Rescue Stretch.

It integrates one of the industry’s latest innovations, the GORE-TEX CROSSTECH® PYRAD® stretch fabric, which is a lightweight fabric, that is flexible, waterproof, wind proof, and has blood-borne pathogen protection.

It also features incidental flame protection, and comes in varying colors, styles and fits.

MSA will also have the Bristol X4 series of fire protective clothing.

This includes the X4 structural fire protective clothing and X4 Wildland™ garment.

The X4 Wildland garment is designed to be worn for longer periods of time in hot environments.

It offers lightweight comfort to help firefighters in situations where wearing a structural suit could be too inefficient.

Additionally, there will be the X4 TRW-Hybrid™ suit, which is designed for the evolving demands of technical rescue teams and wildland firefighters alike.

With a convertible design, it can transition from technical rescue to wildland firefighting applications, offering versatility without compromising on performance.

With removeable features and durable liquid resistance, it helps provide the level of protection needed for diverse emergency scenarios.

 

How does Bristol incorporate customer feedback and requests for more diverse sizing and customizable clothing into their designs?

When it comes to diversity in the fire service, there’s a lot of work that has already been done with fire protective clothing to accommodate the diverse builds of firefighters, with a range of fits that Bristol has offered and continues to offer.

But right now, there’s a need for making it known that there are many options out there to accommodate the needs of firefighters.

It’s about providing firefighters with different choices so they can select what turnout gear fits them best.

Incorporating design features into Bristol fire protective clothing comes in large part from customer feedback.

That customer feedback is imperative to Bristol and how we design and deliver new protective firefighting equipment.

Voice of Customer (VOC) activities are important for Bristol during the product development process, and paying attention to form, fit, and function is an important part of that process.

Can you share how connected technology is helping to advance safety in the fire service?

This is an area MSA has been out of front of for some time.

With our Connected Firefighter Platform, we’re continually working to provide valuable insights to firefighters and fire brigades without adding complexity or getting in the way.

This means having our hardware, like the SCBA and our LUNAR® personal search and rescue device, for example, work seamlessly with our FireGrid software, that provides on-scene incident management and after-incident data and inventory management capabilities.

Having all that work seamlessly and intuitively in the background allows firefighters to focus on their tasks, while receiving critical data quickly to help make informed decision on the fire ground.

Having this level of connectivity also means there is data that fire services have access to.

And that is where we aim to enable fire brigades to leverage their data to perform ongoing maintenance to service their SCBA and help to keep better track of equipment and PPE usage.

Additionally, the data can provide insights into training possibilities and help departments track compliance-related tasks, helping to simplify those processes.

How can connectivity impact on-scene operations and post-incident behaviours?

With the MSA FireGrid software, one of its core functionalities is live incident management.

This means you can monitor live data from the M1 SCBA to help the incident commander make more informed decisions in real time.

As the incident is ongoing, data is being sent to the cloud, being safely stored, and can be used later to analysis of the event or to manage gear and supplies.

For post-incident analytics, using the SCBA as an example, firefighters don’t have to change anything about the way that they’re using their equipment, but because our devices are cloud-connected, all that data is stored in their account in the cloud, and we’re able to utilise that data to provide more insightful analytics and reporting for the customer to better inform things like training or on-scene procedures.

We are continually looking at ways enhance our capabilities to bring innovative solutions to the fire service to help keep firefighters safe and ready to go.

Those attending ESS will have the ability to demo these solutions during their time in Birmingham.

Clean habits, clear minds: Keeping firefighters safe with operational hygiene and contamination control

Dr. Andreas Häcker, chief medical officer at Baden-Württemberg state fire service, discusses operational hygiene and contamination control to keep firefighters safe

Dr. Andreas Häcker is chief medical officer for the Baden-Württemberg state fire service, a position he has held since 2016.

In this interview with ware-washing and disinfection specialist MEIKO, he offers insights into operational hygiene, the risk of spreading contamination ‒ and the most effective ways to keep firefighters safe.

Häcker has worked full-time as a specialist in internal and emergency medicine since 1988.

In addition to his day job, he heads up emergency medical services at Stuttgart Regional Council.

He also spent 20 years working as the senior emergency physician for the districts of Böblingen und Ludwigsburg.

He has held the role of group commander in the Ditzingen fire department since 2006.

What are your duties as chief medical officer for the state fire service?

I work on a voluntary basis for the state fire service association, an advisory body that supports the state government, local authorities and state fire departments.

It includes various disciplines, each of which covers different areas of expertise.

My job is to head up the specialist field of rescue services and health.

The position I hold requires a medical qualification, and ideally an additional qualification or experience in emergency medicine.

You also need to be an active member of a fire department, because first-hand experience is essential.

My main task is to advise the association and liaise with the president or the state’s chief fire officer.

I give presentations on medical topics related to the fire service at events and at fire departments.

How has your dual role as a specialist in internal medicine and a firefighter influenced your views on operational hygiene?

Yes, not just professionally, but also through personal experience.

I was diagnosed with prostate cancer when I was 49.

Cancer wasn’t something we had seen in our family before, so it seemed likely that it was linked to my work at the fire service.

I have been a firefighter since 1979, so at the time of my diagnosis I had already spent three decades coming into contact with chemical contaminants at numerous fire scenes.

Back then, people didn’t really talk about operational hygiene.

The situation was very different in the medical arena, where hygiene had long been recognised as a key issue and a top priority for operating theatres.

That stretches back to the mid-19th century, when Semmelweis argued that doctors should wash their hands before attending a birth, because he saw that it led to lower maternal mortality rates.

He wasn’t taken seriously during his lifetime, and he eventually ended up in an asylum.

Much later, when scientists finally obtained proof that handwashing eliminates bacteria, Semmelweis was posthumously vindicated.

I see parallels between the “biological” contamination described by Semmelweis and the toxicological and chemical contamination that occurs at a fire scene.

Handwashing and decontamination are now second nature to firefighters in their 20s or 30s.

Firefighters over 50 accept those things as part of the job, but they tend to be less convinced of their importance.

It’s hard to change people’s behaviour when it’s so deeply rooted!

How did the IARC’s classification of firefighting as carcinogenic change perceptions in Germany?

Accident insurance companies had made that connection even before the IARC classification came into effect.

In fact, insurers had already set out some initial guidelines for hygiene in firefighting operations.

The IARC considers two types of cancer to be significantly carcinogenic and five to be probably carcinogenic in connection with firefighting.

The most likely explanation for this phenomenon is exposure to the many different carcinogens found in soot and fire smoke.

These findings are a call to action for firefighters and all those responsible for this issue – they remind us how important it is to provide the best possible protection against exposure to contaminants.

But it’s equally important not to be too alarmist.

Some 98 percent of firefighters are people who volunteer in their free time, and it would be disastrous if they were to suddenly believe this activity will inevitably give them cancer.

It is the job of professional associations and politicians to raise awareness of this issue and to come up with practical solutions.

We need to clearly explain how exposure to harmful contaminants, soot and fire smoke occurs and help people take the necessary steps to stay safe.

The key is not to scaremonger, but to provide information and advice.

Since 2018, my local fire service has had a formal policy in place which is followed by everyone who works there.

Whenever I mention this in my presentations, I notice how readily and enthusiastically this is accepted by younger firefighters – in stark contrast, unfortunately, to many of their older colleagues.

What is the current awareness among German firefighters about their elevated cancer risks?

I know a few people who work as paid firefighters, and I get the impression that they are more reluctant to accept these findings.

In Stuttgart, for example, they might attend ten incidents a day and tackle four fires.

That means changing their gear four times, and many of them think, well, it doesn’t make any sense if I’m going to be tackling another fire ten minutes from now.

It’s a pain to have to shower each time and put on clean clothes, which is why professional firefighters find it more of a hassle to stick to the hygiene rules.

Of course, the cumulative risk in a professional fire department is greater than that in a volunteer service, because firefighters are exposed more frequently to soot, smoke and other fire residues, which makes the spread of these contaminants more likely.

I once did an experiment by wiping a damp cloth over the sun visor inside one of our relatively new turntable ladder vehicles.

When I looked at the cloth, I saw that it was absolutely filthy.

You might not see any smoke inside the vehicle at a fire scene, but the smell of burning is always there, and the contaminants are deposited in the cab as a thin, greasy brown coating.

And you get those toxic coatings on every handle in the truck – not just on the windscreen sun visor.

There’s a useful booklet published by the DGUV – the German Social Accident Insurance Association – entitled “Hygiene und Kontaminationsvermeidung bei der Feuerwehr”.

It offers tips on preventing contamination and maintaining hygiene during firefighting operations.

Appendix 3 of that publication contains my list of recommendations on what to take into account before, during and after a firefighting operation.

There is usually an initial trigger for cancer development, and it’s particularly likely to involve contamination with asbestos-containing substances.

But you also get a gradual accumulation of toxic substances inside the body.

Over the years, those harmful products build up inside the body until a switch finally flips and the system collapses.

According to the WHO study, this phenomenon is evident not only among members of the professional fire service, but also in all emergency personnel involved in firefighting.

The key is to use common sense and not to try and do everything absolutely perfectly.

If we can remove 80–90 percent of the contaminants and reduce exposure to an acceptable minimum, then that’s already a big improvement.

The point is to minimise exposure to harmful contaminants – because preventing exposure altogether is both unrealistic and unnecessary.

It’s also about raising awareness.

Most of the hazardous substances to which firefighters are exposed enter the body not through the respiratory tract, but through the skin.

Even if you’re wearing PPE at a fire scene, there is still a very real risk, particularly for your head, neck, hands and genital area.

These are the parts of your body where your skin is most vulnerable.

Protective clothing can repel heat, but not harmful contaminants.

That’s why firefighters need to proactively seek out additional ways to protect themselves.

A new skin cleaning product can help in that task: pak-ex works on the principle of adsorption, using a special mineral to bind hazardous substances before they can penetrate the natural skin barrier.

This product enables users to gently remove 95 per cent of the harmful substances that adhere to the skin, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot.

That’s exactly what firefighters need, especially when they have just returned from tackling a fire.

This article was originally published in the August 2024 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Washing machines contribute to a reduction in the share of fine particles in fire stations, says study

Study compares particulate matter levels in two Polish fire stations

A study conducted by researchers aimed to compare particulate matter (PM) levels at two Polish fire stations, one equipped with a washing machine for decontaminating uniforms and the other without.

As reported by Bralewska et al., the study measured PM concentrations in the truck bays and changing rooms of both stations to assess the impact of washing machines on reducing PM levels.

The results showed that PM concentrations at the fire station with the washing machine were generally lower, particularly in the truck bays, suggesting the machine’s effectiveness in limiting dust resuspension.

Differences in PM concentrations between fire stations

The study found that while the average PM concentrations in both fire stations were similar, significant differences were observed in the distribution of these concentrations throughout the day.

Peaks in PM levels were more than three times higher at the station without a washing machine.

These spikes were linked to activities such as opening doors and moving uniforms, indicating that washing machines may reduce the extent of PM resuspension at fire stations.

Impact of fine particulate matter on firefighter health

The study highlighted the dominance of fine particles (those with diameters smaller than 2.5 µm) in the total mass of PM within the fire stations, comprising 65-75% of the total particulate matter.

Fine particles pose a higher risk as they can penetrate deeper into the lungs, leading to greater health risks.

The study noted that the presence of washing machines likely contributed to the reduction of these fine particles, thereby potentially lowering the health exposure of firefighters.

Need for further research and additional solutions

The study concluded that while washing machines appear to contribute to the reduction of fine particles in fire stations, they should not be the sole solution for improving air quality.

The researchers recommended further studies across more fire stations to verify these findings.

They also suggested exploring other methods to reduce particulate matter, such as improving ventilation and conducting comprehensive analyses of other pollutants present in fire stations.

Impact of washing machines on reducing particulate matter in fire stations in Poland: Summary

This study compared the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing particulate matter (PM) levels at two fire stations in Poland.

The fire station equipped with a washing machine generally had lower PM concentrations, particularly in the truck bays, compared to the station without one.

The study identified fine particles as a significant component of the PM, making up 65-75% of the total mass.

These fine particles are more harmful to health as they can penetrate deeper into the respiratory system.

While the study suggests that washing machines help reduce PM levels, it emphasizes the need for further research and additional methods to improve air quality in fire stations.

Rosenbauer launches HEROS H10 helmet for firefighters

Rosenbauer introduces new helmet for diverse firefighting needs

As reported by Rosenbauer, the launch of the HEROS H10 helmet comes amid increasing wildfires and floods due to climate change.

The HEROS H10 has been completely redesigned to meet the challenges of wildfires, vegetation fires, and technical rescues.

The development, which began in July 2021, has resulted in a versatile and robust helmet that complies with five European standards.

The helmet, weighing only 800 grams, offers excellent ventilation and comprehensive protection.

It will be available for order in the Rosenbauer online store starting September 2024.

The HEROS H10 meets the requirements of EN 16471, EN 16473, EN 12492, EN 1385, and EN 397 standards, making it suitable for forest and wildland firefighting, technical rescue, mountaineering, and white-water activities.

The helmet is also certified for both European and Australian markets.

Lightweight design and robust protection

The HEROS H10’s lightweight design, weighing approximately 800 grams, makes it comfortable for long operations.

It is made from highly heat- and flame-resistant plastic, providing robust protection against mechanical impacts such as falling branches or rockfalls.

The helmet also offers protection against shocks, penetration, flames, smouldering ash, and electrical and chemical hazards.

Additionally, the helmet’s shell is break-resistant, ensuring high durability.

Improved ventilation contributes to user comfort during extended periods of use.

This combination of lightweight design and robust protection makes the HEROS H10 a standout product in the market.

Compatibility with previous models

An advantage of the HEROS H10 is its compatibility with the interior fittings of its predecessor models.

Components from the HEROS 30 and HEROS Titan can be reused with the new helmet.

Additional features, such as a central helmet lamp or a position light on the back, can be easily attached, enhancing operational efficiency.

The helmet also features easy adjustability without the need for tools, simplifying operational hygiene.

The user-friendly design facilitates quick adjustments, ensuring that firefighters can adapt the helmet to their needs without complications.

This compatibility and ease of use make the HEROS H10 a practical choice for emergency services.

Wide size range and sophisticated design

The HEROS H10 offers a generous size range, accommodating head circumferences from 48 to 67 cm with just one helmet shell.

Its sophisticated design emphasizes the characteristic features of the HEROS system, ensuring that the helmet is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

The extensive size range and thoughtful design make the HEROS H10 adaptable for a wide range of users.

Lighting the Path to Safety with Streamlight

Streamlight‘s Director of Sales, Industrial and Fire Divisions, Aaron Freund, delves into the importance of durable and dependable lighting tools for firefighter safety

Portable lighting is an essential tool in the fire sector, providing critical visibility and safety for firefighters in the most challenging environments.

Streamlight, a leader in the field of portable lighting solutions, has consistently delivered products that meet the rigorous demands of emergency services.

Aaron Freund, the Director of Sales for the Industrial and Fire Divisions, has been instrumental in this effort.

In this interview, IFSJ Editor Iain Hoey sat down with Freund to explore the role of lighting technology in fire safety and emergency response.

What advancements in lighting technology for the fire sector have you observed over the past decade?

When I first started, we were still discussing the need for incandescent bulbs because some end users believed they cut through smoke better than LED bulbs.

The lighting industry has evolved incredibly, as we have long since demonstrated that LEDs perform just as well, if not better, in smoky atmospheres.

Battery technology has also advanced significantly.

Our lights have become more efficient, using less energy while providing brighter and more consistent illumination.

The weight of our products has decreased dramatically by using newer lightweight batteries; example, the weight of our Survivor® X light has dropped considerably by 164 grams.

We recently relaunched our E-Spot® LiteBox® with a lithium-ion battery, reducing its weight by almost 3.6 kg.

This weight reduction is crucial for firefighters, given the amount of gear they must carry.

These advancements have been incremental but substantial over my time with Streamlight.

We’ve made steady improvements.

One such improvement is the addition of battery indicators on top of Survivor® X lights.

This allows users to see a green indicator for a full battery and a red one when it’s time to change or charge batteries.

What are the critical challenges firefighters face in low-visibility environments?

I think the obvious challenge is visibility.

At its simplest, a flashlight makes a dark area brighter, but there’s more to it.

It’s also about having the right type of light and ensuring it’s focused correctly.

For instance, in a low-visibility, smoke-filled room, using a floodlight is like driving through fog with your high beams on – the light will reflect back at you, making it harder to see.

A focused light that cuts through the smoke is crucial.

Another major aspect is visibility for others.

Sometimes, you might only see as far as your arm’s length because of the dense smoke, but someone else across the room can spot your light and locate you, which is incredibly important in fire scenarios.

Marking points of entry and exit with light also helps in navigating and identifying potential hazards.

Having the right light greatly enhances safety by allowing firefighters to see and be seen in hazardous environments.

How has the trend of hands-free operation evolved, and what innovations are emerging?

Whether it’s forcible entry, pulling hose, or handling an extrication call, the need for firefighters to keep their hands available is crucial.

We are seeing a continuous increase in the demand for hands-free lighting solutions.

This includes traditional headlamps and our helmet-mounted firefighting lights.

There has been significant growth in this category, and we are dedicating more time and innovation to developing products that allow for hands-free operation.

For example, our Vantage® 180 X light can be mounted on a helmet but also removed and used as a handheld light in a 90-degree angle.

 As demands grow for hands-free lighting, it continues to be essential for us to create advancements in this area allowing for user versatility.

Why is durability and reliability, supported by standards, important for Streamlight?

Whenever you walk into a firehouse and talk about any tool they use, they often mention whether it’s “firefighter-proof” or not.

Firefighters take pride in being tough on their products and tools.

You cannot introduce a product to the fire service that isn’t durable and made of highly resilient materials.

In the design process, durability is a key focus for Streamlight.

We ensure our products can withstand being dropped or exposed to extreme conditions, such as 500 degrees for five minutes as per the NFPA 1971-8.6 (2018).

Testing to these and other standards is critical.

We drop test our products, test for IP ratings, ensure they don’t interfere with other radio waves, as well as a magnitude of other tests, making them reliable in all situations.

Our products are tested both in-house and by third-party agencies.

This includes various laboratories to ensure we meet standards set by agencies like NFPA, UL, ATEX, and INMETRO.

Our products consistently exceed these standards, which is crucial for those in the fire safety industry.

How should fire departments select lighting tools to best meet their unique needs?

We aim to be as involved as possible in this process by meeting with departments to discuss their needs.

Flashlights are a hands-on product; you need to touch and feel them.

I always joke with our customers that they have to shine the light in their eyes to understand its brightness and have that “aha” moment of realisation about how they’ll use it.

No two fire departments are the same, and each has different applications and responses based on their unique communities.

It’s important to understand this aspect, and I believe it holds true in Europe as well.

Engaging with the department, learning about their specific needs, and then making tailored recommendations is crucial.

Additionally, we have a testing and evaluation programme where we put the product in the hands of the users at a departmental level.

This allows them to touch, feel, and test the product to ensure it meets their needs and applications before making a purchase.

How can advancements in portable scene lighting improve emergency response effectiveness and safety?

The faster you can light up a scene, the quicker you can assess the situation and respond accordingly.

Scene lighting has become vital to our product line.

We now have multiple products, including the Portable Scene Light, Portable Scene Light EXT, and Portable Scene Light II.

These products are quick to deploy, battery-operated, and fully waterproof.

This combination of features is unique to us and allows for rapid illumination of an area.

We are continually advancing in this area, creating more products within the scene lighting category because it is so essential.

On the fire ground, you don’t want cords everywhere creating trip hazards.

There’s also a growing demand from fire departments for sustainable solutions.

What emerging trends and technologies do you think will shape the future of emergency response?

I believe we will continue to see flashlights becoming brighter, running longer, and weighing less while maintaining durability and functionality.

The focus will remain on creating tools that allow firefighters to do their jobs efficiently and safely.

I foresee continued innovation in scene lighting and helmet lighting for the fire service.

We are also developing more versatile lights.

For instance, we recently launched the Survivor Pivot®, which has a head that pivots up and uses the same universal battery platform as our Survivor® X.

 This means multiple lights can run off the same battery platform.

I believe the future will bring more efficient products with diverse applications, allowing users to meet their needs in various ways.

What innovations or developments can we expect from Streamlight

As previously mentioned, our newest innovation is the Survivor Pivot®, with both spot and flood beams in the same pivoting head.

The feedback from the fire service has been tremendous.

The ability to have a light attached to your gear that can rotate and direct light where you need it is incredible.

Additionally, it can be removed from your bunker gear and attached to the side of a vehicle with its powerful magnet, illuminating areas during extrication calls.

Major departments are buying the Survivor® X for all their rigs.

The ability to now add the Survivor Pivot® with its shared battery platform as an additional lighting tool has been very well received.

We are excited about this product and believe it will be very successful.

We’ve also made improvements to our legacy product, the LiteBox®, which has been in our product line for over 40 years.

Enhancing this tried-and-true technology to make it lighter, brighter, and more efficient has been a significant achievement.

The response to these improvements has been very positive.

Streamlight will continue to innovate.

Innovation drives us, and we are constantly listening to feedback from departments around the world.

This feedback is an integral part in understanding the type of products we need to manufacture and develop for various market applications.

This article was originally published in the August 2024 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

CTIF Health Commission meeting in Oslo tackles firefighter health issues

CTIF Health Commission meeting overview

The CTIF Health Commission met recently in Oslo during the Delegates Assembly for its yearly physical meeting.

The meeting, starting at 9 am, focused on cancer prevention within fire departments, aiming to minimise exposure to carcinogens from fires.

Discussions highlighted the importance of dividing firehouses into clean and contaminated areas to avoid cross-contamination.

The report also covered procedures for undressing and showering post-fire, emphasising the “shower within the hour” protocol.

Various best practices and recommendations were debated, with the understanding that implementation would be gradual.

Cleaning turnout gear

A significant topic was the cleaning of turnout gear, where the liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) system was identified as the preferred method.

This system meets REACH regulation and OEKO TEX 100 standards, avoiding environmental pollution associated with traditional washing methods.

The commission discussed a personal wash procedure post-fire, which includes initial showering without soap, followed by sweating and a second shower with water before using soap.

Addressing mould in fire stations

Another concern addressed was mould in older fire stations.

Members reported experiencing mould issues, which pose significant health risks, including allergic reactions, respiratory problems, headaches, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms.

The commission emphasised the need to seal off and decontaminate affected areas before they are safe to use again.

Stories of firefighters suffering from mould exposure without remedial actions were shared, highlighting a need for adherence to legal safety standards.

Psychological health in the fire service

The psychological working environment was also a key topic.

The commission discussed how different countries and fire departments handle psychological defusing and debriefing, recognising that traumatic experiences and other personal factors affect firefighters’ mental health.

The importance of creating a supportive culture and leadership within organisations was stressed.

The report “Heroes Are Also Human: An International Examination of Mental Health in the Fire Service and its Impact on the Emotional Well-being of Firefighters” was debated.

The report covers various issues such as culture, budget constraints, taboo subjects, trust within the organisation, prevention, and the different challenges faced by firefighters and leaders.

Brandon Evans, the report’s lead researcher, joined the meeting via Zoom to discuss his work and answer questions.

Visit to the new Oslo Fire Station

Before concluding the meeting, the commission visited the new Oslo Fire Station, designed with the principle of separating clean and contaminated spaces.

This visit showcased positive developments in reducing long-term health risks for firefighters.

Firefighter Magne Finholdt guided the tour and participated in debates about the station’s facilities.

The meeting also marked the farewell of Dorothee Katharina Knauf-Hübel, who had her last meeting with the commission.

Her proactive and honest contributions were acknowledged and appreciated by the members.

Navigating fire protective clothing in a changing world with MSA Safety

MSA Safety‘s garment design experts explore tailored protection and the importance of material engineering in fire-protective clothing for diverse emergency scenarios

In the face of increasingly unpredictable environmental conditions, the role of protective clothing in helping protect first responders is an area of particular focus.

For example, climate change is bringing unprecedented challenges to the fire ground that can impact firefighters’ preparedness.

Consider whether firefighters and decision-makers should be selecting their PPE based on anticipating and adapting to evolving hazards, not only adherence to current standards.

MSA Safety’s garment design experts highlight some of the pivotal factors to consider when selecting fire-protective clothing.

These factors help keep first responders on the front lines safe and prepared for the challenges ahead.

Application: Tailored Protection To Varied Scenarios

Consider the diverse types of protective clothing for the varied scenarios to which firefighters respond.

Whether fighting structural fires, navigating urban search and rescue missions, or confronting wildfires, each scenario may demand specialised PPE.

The features designed for one environment may not be suited to a different environment.

Understanding their distinctions should guide the selection process of the most appropriate garments for your team.

Take structural firefighting, for example.

Structural firefighting PPE generally conforms to widely used regional standards, such as EN469:2020, Level 2, AS4967:2019 or NFPA 1971:2018.

These garments provide a multi-layered defence comprising of a flame-resistant outer layer, a moisture barrier, and thermal linings.

A holistic design like this helps shield from both heat and direct flame exposure whilst also mitigating the risks associated with water and chemical penetration.

Meanwhile, PPE designed for technical rescue, also known as Urban Search and Rescue (USAR), is becoming common in confined space operations and road traffic accidents.

USAR uses generally call for specific attention to flexibility and durability.

These garments feature a more versatile two-layer construction, combining a flame-retardant outer layer with a waterproof membrane.

Such a combination helps protect against injuries during deployments in collapsed buildings or damaged vehicles and also helps reduce the risk of infection from bloodborne pathogens during interventions in road accidents.

When it comes to wildland firefighting, however, specialised garments are usually specifically engineered with a single layer of the flame-retardant outer shell to withstand the rigours of prolonged exposure to extreme heat and flames.

This can be especially crucial for firefighters who endure extended shifts in dry and hot weather conditions as wildfires become hotter and more frequent worldwide.

Performance And Material: Engineering Resilience

The foundation for truly effective protective clothing is materials engineered to withstand the rigours of firefighting and rescue operations, and the quality of the gear is directly linked to its construction.

Consider whether the firefighters’ clothing is made of materials and fibres that protect against the hazards you anticipate and that have moisture management properties to reduce the accumulation of sweat and heat exhaustion for that application.

Para-aramid, meta-aramid, and polybenzimidazole fibres each offer fabrics a unique blend of strength, thermal stability, and flame resistance.

Fibres such as these not only provide a robust defence but also incorporate moisture management properties, helping to curb heat exhaustion.

Para-aramids are known for their strength and durability, while meta-aramids are preferred for their thermal stability and high-temperature resistance.

Polybenzimidazole is known for its excellent resistance to flame and heat, making it another excellent choice for fire protective clothing.

Comfort: Balancing Protection With Wearability

Comfort on the fire ground is not a luxury—it can be an essential component of safety and effectiveness.

Consider whether the demands of your fire and rescue work warrant gear that both protects and enhances performance.

Balancing protection with wearability encompasses a range of factors, from sweat management to ergonomic design.

Selecting ill-fitting PPE that’s too small or tight can impede mobility and compromise thermal insulation.

By adopting ergonomic designs and ensuring a correct fit, fire protective clothing can enhance comfort without sacrificing essential protection.

A well-designed garment can also improve comfort and overall effectiveness by reducing heat stress and allowing sweat to dissipate from the body.

Moreover, carrying a full suite of firefighting equipment can be very physically demanding.

Leveraging lightweight, high-quality fabrics can reduce this burden and minimise fatigue, which can help enable first responders to remain focused and alert.

Compatibility: Synergy Across Equipment

Consider whether the protective clothing, from gloves to helmets, can seamlessly integrate with other PPE to help maximise safety, efficiency, and comfort.

Reducing pressure points or optimising mobility, for example, when protective clothing is compatible with ancillary equipment, can help improve operational efficiency.

Elements such as increased padding and various innovative design features can help enable compatible systems to work in concert during an intervention.

Consider, for example, the role of compatible fire protective clothing in reducing pressure points when worn with a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SBCA).

Strategically placed padding on upper garments to correspond to SCBA straps can significantly enhance firefighters’ effectiveness and ability to navigate hazardous situations, which can reduce the risk of injuries.

But compatibility extends beyond individual pieces of PPE—it can create a comprehensive equipment system that offers enhanced protection for the wearer.

By working closely with suppliers, decision makers can select components, from clothing to accessories, that seamlessly integrate into a unified system that enhances safety and performance.

Durability And Ease Of Care: Investing In Long-Term Resilience

The longevity of protective clothing is a testament to its efficiency.

Robust testing protocols help ensure that garments stand the test of time and can endure the rigours of the job.

From tensile, tearing, and seam strength to resistance against abrasion and puncture, the durability of fire protective clothing should be tested to guarantee that the garments can withstand demanding environments.

Ease of care is another key contributor to this longevity, and laundering practices can play an essential role in maintaining performance standards over the long haul.

By considering the laundering method and frequency of washing during the selection process, fire and rescue services can help ensure that their protective clothing remains in peak condition, maximising its lifespan and minimising the long-term cost of ownership.

MSA Safety’s Fully Managed Service

MSA Safety’s Fully Managed Service for the MSA Bristol range has been at the forefront of providing comprehensive care for protective clothing for over two decades.

This service offering encompasses the lifecycle management of MSA Bristol protective clothing, from collection to washing, inventory, inspection, repair, and return.

Emergency services across various sectors, including Fire and Rescue, Airports, Industrial Brigades, Police, and Ambulance Services, have trusted MSA’s Managed Service, compliant with BS EN ISO 9001:2015.

“As leaders in first responder safety solutions, MSA Safety is committed to pioneering advancements that meet and exceed the evolving needs of frontline responders.

Our Fully Managed Service embodies this commitment, providing comprehensive care that ensures the utmost protection and performance of our protective clothing,” said Adele Harris, UK Bristol Service Manager, MSA Safety.

The Integrated Managed Service System includes cleaning, decontamination, inspection, maintenance, garment tracking, collection and delivery, stock support, and monthly performance reports.

Customers can also access dedicated Service Coordinators who are available via a telephone helpline 24/7, as well as access an online helpdesk portal.

Consider whether your fire and rescue protective clothing is reliable and made-for-purpose.

Such protective clothing serves as one of the frontline defences for first responders, helping safeguard them and enable effective responses to escalating hazards.

By prioritising innovation, embracing wearer-centric design, and leveraging comprehensive management solutions like MSA Safety’s Fully Managed Service, organisations across the globe can empower their teams to confront the challenges of tomorrow with confidence and resilience.

This article was originally published in the July 2024 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE digital copy, click here.

G4S collaborates with Duress to enhance frontline worker protection in Australia

Enhanced safety measures for frontline workers

G4S has announced an exclusive partnership with Australian safety technology company Duress.com, as reported by G4S.

This collaboration aims to improve the safety of frontline workers across various sectors using Duress’s advanced wearable devices.

The partnership focuses on addressing the increasing threats of violence and anti-social behaviour faced by frontline staff.

Duress has developed a suite of body-worn devices that provide real-time support and protection for workers.

These devices feature live-streaming video, AI capabilities, emergency service integration, and full communication functions, ensuring immediate assistance is available.

Innovative technology for immediate response

The range of devices includes the Phoenix, Falcon, and Eagle, each offering unique features to meet diverse operational needs.

The Phoenix device, similar in size to a credit card, allows users to discreetly alert security teams and stream video to a 24/7 operations centre.

It also includes slip, trip, and fall detection, mass messaging, and a rechargeable battery with a two-year lifespan.

The Falcon, which can be worn as a watch or pendant, live-streams video, audio, and location data to security teams when activated.

It also features a push-to-talk function and AI-driven policy lookup for enhanced communication and procedural compliance.

The Eagle device offers comprehensive incident reporting and data analysis, live video and audio feeds to connected security personnel, long battery life, and integration with other Duress devices for seamless operation.

Commitment to frontline worker safety

G4S’s partnership with Duress highlights a shared commitment to safeguarding frontline workers.

By combining Duress’s expertise in wearable technology with G4S’s security infrastructure, the partnership aims to provide enhanced protection and support for employees in retail, healthcare, events, and other sectors.

David Munnery of G4S commented on the partnership: “While many of our security officers are already connected via body-worn devices to the broader team and remote monitoring centres, this new partnership with Duress will equip G4S security teams with real-time incident visuals and sound, as well as many other features, which will further advance the effectiveness of our security officers.”