US Coast Guard issues fire warning following electric vehicle salt water submersion

Following significant damage caused by hurricane Ian which flooding throughout Florida and the Southeastern United States, the US Coast Guard has issued a warning over the fire risk surrounding electric vehicles which have been exposed to salt water.

During the response and reconstitution after the hurricane, first responders encountered numerous vehicle fires involving Electronic Vehicles (EVs) that are powered by Lithium-Ion batteries. Investigations have revealed that the vehicle fires resulted from exposure of the Lithium Ion batteries to salt water.

Saltwater exposure can significantly degrade lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, causing a chemical reaction that creates an extreme fire. Review of vehicle registration records revealed there are over 7,000 electric vehicles (EVs) in Lee County, Florida with potential for damage.

The Coast Guard said that vessels, ports, and shippers should be aware of this extreme risk and avoid loading EVs with damaged Lithium-Ion onto commercial vessels.

The Coast Guard strongly recommends that vessels, ports, shippers, and regulators conduct a comprehensive review of the vehicle shipping requirements found in both the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR) and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. All lithium batteries are hazardous materials regulated by the Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). As such, they are required to comply with the Lithium Battery Guide for Shippers.

It also said that they should conduct review of additional requirements for shipping damaged lithium ion batteries located in the PHMSA Safety Advisory Notice for the Disposal and Recycling of Lithium Batteries in Commercial Transportation. Due to the large size of EV batteries, the packaging requirements to comply with damaged shipment regulations are inadequate.

As such, IMDG special provision 376 specifically requires approval from the competent authority (PHMSA or US Coast Guard) prior to shipment of damaged lithium batteries.

The Coast Guard said: “Remain vigilant and ensure damaged lithium-ion vehicle batteries are not loaded onto vessels for shipment, placed within port facilities, or enclosed in containers.”

Four hospitalised following laptop battery fire in plane cabin

A fire from the battery of a laptop device aboard a United Airlines flight forced a Newark-bound plane to return to San Diego on Tuesday and sent four people to the hospital..

FlightAware data shows that the aircraft, a Boeing 737 MAX 8, took off from the airport at 7:07am Pacific Time and landed back in San Diego at 7:51am.

The flight crew prevented the fire from spreading further, and the plane returned to the airport, according to a tweet from the San Diego Fire Department. Fire crews evaluated all passengers and crew, and four people were taken to the hospital. Two others declined further treatment.

“Our crew acted quickly to contain the device and medical personnel met the aircraft upon arrival at the gate,” said United Airlines spokesperson Charles Hobart in a statement to CNN. “Several flight attendants were taken to the hospital as a precaution, and two customers were evaluated onsite.”

He added: “We thank our crew for their quick actions in prioritizing the safety of everyone on board the aircraft and we are making arrangements to get our customers to their destinations.”

Take Charge campaign promotes responsible battery recycling

People in the UK are being urged to recycle batteries responsibly as part of the national ‘Take Charge’ campaign, relaunched by the Environmental Services Association (ESA) alongside its members and the compliance scheme Ecosurety.

The campaign, which aims to reduce the growing number of fires started by discarded lithium-ion batteries, runs from 24 October until 7 November. ESA has said that it will persuade stakeholders in the recycling and waste industry to share the campaign across their social media channels.

The campaign calls for consumers to only recycle batteries – and electronic devices containing batteries – using specialist recycling services whilst reminding the public to never throw batteries away alongside general rubbish or other recycling due to the fire risk.

According to ESA, when ‘dead’ batteries – labelled ‘zombie batteries’ by the campaign – are thrown away with general rubbish, or mixed with other recycling, they can easily become damaged causing them to ignite or explode once collected, particularly with high-powered lithium-ion batteries found in phones, laptops, power tools, electric toothbrushes, bluetooth devices, childrens’ toys, e-bikes, scooters and vape devices.

An independent report published by Eunomia in 2021 concluded that nearly 50 per cent of all recycling and waste fires in the UK are started by lithium-ion batteries alone, and that the total cost of these fires to the country exceeds £150 million each year.

Commenting on the campaign, Executive Director of the Environmental Services Association (ESA), Jacob Hayler said: “Since we first launched Take Charge in 2020, the number of battery-fires at recycling and waste facilities unfortunately seems to have risen considerably and is affecting all operators in the sector – not helped by the tinder-dry conditions caused by the heatwave this summer.

“These fires not only put lives at risk, but also seriously threaten vital infrastructure upon which all of us across the UK rely on every day. We urge everyone to please recycle batteries and electronic devices responsibly and help us stop waste batteries from becoming zombies.”

Mark Andrews, National Fire Chief’s Council (NFCC) Waste Fire Lead added: “We encourage people to Take Charge and correctly recycle batteries and electronic devices in specialist recycling services. This could significantly reduce the increasing number of challenging fires that fire and rescue services have to deal with. These can often be large-scale incidents which disrupt local communities and pose a risk to life, but they can be prevented.”

Sam Horne, Chair of the National Association of Waste Disposal Officers (NAWDO), which represents local councils, also said: “We know that residents are keen to recycle and sometimes this results in the wrong things ending up in the wrong place. Unfortunately, where this includes batteries being placed in the residual
or recycling streams it can have serious implications.

“It puts the lives of staff working in facilities at risk as well as the facilities themselves, which has major implications for services and ultimately impacts residents through delayed and missed collections as the whole system can be impacted.  We support this essential campaign that encourages residents to dispose of batteries via appropriate routes.”

Stephanie Housty, Marketing and Sustainability Manager at Ecosurety commented: “Most citizens want to do their bit and recycle, but often need guidance to do it properly, especially for batteries and small WEEE with embedded batteries. Following on our long-standing commitment to increase recycling, it was important for Ecosurety to get behind this campaign and drive up the public awareness of the growing Lithium batteries fires issue to nudge consumers to dispose of batteries and small electrical devices safely.”

Euralarm to host webinar on integrated fire protection solutions for lithium-ion batteries

The Guidance Document on Integrated fire protection solutions for lithium-ion batteries is set to be the topic of a webinar organised by Euralarm and taking place on Thursday 20 October at 15:00 CET.

The Euralarm guideline on Integrated fire protection solutions for lithium-ion batteries was published earlier this year and provides information on the issues related to the use of lithium-ion batteries, how fires start in batteries and on how they may be detected, controlled, suppressed and extinguished. The guide also provides advice on post fire management. Excluded from the scope are explosion and ventilation issues. 

This event requires pre-registration, which must be done by Wednesday, 19 October 2022, COB. Register here.

The Guidance Document can be downloaded here.

Insurance firm predicts rise in lithium-ion fires from e-bikes and scooters

Insurance firm AXA UK has issued a warning over the growing fire risks associated with the lithium-ion batteries used in increasingly popular electric bikes and scooters. Lithium-ion batteries pose a significant fire risk when damaged, over-charged or exposed to extreme temperatures.

Over the past two months, AXA has reportedly covered almost half a million pounds of losses on two large claims caused by lithium battery fires.

The firm said that it anticipates the frequency and cost of these fires will grow exponentially as transport via e-bikes and e-scooters becomes more popular. AXA’s claims data show that these fires most frequently occur within residential buildings.

One of the recent large claims was the result of a faulty e-scooter battery which was being charged in the kitchen of a ground floor terrace flat which caused an explosion and fire to spread through the home, reaching two storeys above.

The second occurred in a block of flats where an e-bike battery was being charged. The fire destroyed the flat and caused smoke damage to the flats on either side.

Dougie Barnett, Director of Customer Risk Management at AXA Commercial, commented: “Fire safety should be the top priority when it comes to charging and storing electric bikes and scooters. These forms of transport are becoming increasingly common due to the range of benefits they provide, however, this makes it even more essential that people understand the risks around storing them in the wrong way or using damaged batteries.

“As an insurer, we’re there for people when the worst happens, but we want to make sure these risks are managed and reduced so they can avoid the devastating consequences of a fire in their homes or business.”

A spokesperson from London Fire Brigade commented: “It’s incredibly concerning that we are continuing to see a rise in incidents involving e-bikes and e-scooters. When these batteries and chargers fail, they do so with ferocity and because the fires develop so rapidly the situation can quickly become incredibly serious.

“Our advice is to try and store and charge e-bikes and e-scooters in a safe location if possible, such as in a shed or garage, and if they have to be stored inside, make sure there is smoke detection fitted and your means of escape is not obstructed. However, we know this won’t be possible for everyone, so if you are charging them indoors, please follow our advice on using safe charging and ensure everyone in your home knows what to do in the event of a fire.”

To reduce the risk of lithium battery fires, AXA recommends:

  • Never leave batteries charging in a building that is unattended or overnight when you are sleeping in the property
  • Unplug or disconnect from the battery once charging is complete
  • Do not allow the battery to overheat and ensure it is charged on a hard surface where heat can disperse
  • Monitor and assess for damage to the battery and the charger, following the manufacturer’s guidance for replacement or repairs
  • Ensure smoke alarms – preferably interlinked detectors around the property – are fitted where charging is taking place and, if possible, store and charge away from main living

UL Solutions unveils screening test to evaluate risk of EV battery fires

UL Solutions has announced the Battery Enclosure Thermal Runaway (BETR) evaluation, the first material screening test method at UL Solutions to evaluate electric vehicle (EV) battery enclosure material.

Battery performance has continually presented challenges in EV efficiency, as the heavier weight of EVs — caused by heavy battery systems — means more frequent charging and shorter drive times.

Battery enclosure systems play a critical role in mitigating the impact of thermal runaway, a risk associated with lithium-ion batteries. Thermal runaway occurs when the lithium-ion cell enters an uncontrollable self-heating state that can produce fire, smoke and extremely high temperatures while ejecting harmful particulates.

“As the electrification of mobility continues to grow, thermal runaway has become a critical safety issue in the automotive industry and has heightened attention concerning how optimal enclosure material is used for thermal runaway protection,” said Eric Bulington, director of product management in the Engineered Materials group of UL Solutions.

“With this offering, we are helping manufacturers navigate one of the e-Mobility industry’s most complex challenges while meeting the market demand for innovative and trustworthy automotive products.”

The UL Solutions testing methodology evaluates material performance by simulating a thermal runaway scenario. The evaluations entail testing material plaques versus the entire battery assembly, reducing testing costs and development time for resin manufacturers and material suppliers.

Evaluations also focus on screening multiple formulas during research and development to provide material producers the opportunity to offer original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) the solutions that meet their needs while also considering performance among materials.

“UL Solutions has a long history of thought leadership with respect to batteries of all shapes and sizes, so it’s fitting that we continue that legacy with EV batteries,” Bulington said. “With this offering, UL Solutions addresses industry concerns by providing automotive OEMs and suppliers, and automotive component and system manufacturers, testing and advisory solutions to meet multiple standards and regulations.”  

Discarded battery identified as cause of Kirkdale scrap yard fire

The cause of a large fire at a Kirkdale scrap yard in September last year is thought to have been a discarded lithium-ion battery according to a new report to Liverpool Council’s neighbourhoods committee.

The blaze impacted an area of 50m x 20m at Norton Scrap and Co and firefighters warned residents to close doors and windows owing to poor air quality. The report said: “The subsequent fire investigation found that the fire originated in the Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) pile and the likely ignition source had been a discarded Lithium-Ion battery.”

The Environment Agency shared details of a plan compiled by Merseyside Fire and Rescue (MFRS) including a move to process waste at the site daily to: “Limit the growth and size of a fire, reduce fire spread from pile to pile, and it would decrease the impact on MFRS resources, local community and the environment.”

The report added that although there is thermal imaging installed at the scrap yard to identify hot spots in the Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment stockpile, this had not been fully in use and blind spots on the site meant that management were not always aware of possible incidents, preventing them from being addressed more urgently.

The report added: “It was agreed that clear lines of communication between the operators of waste metal facilities and the various agencies such as the MFRS were needed when incidents such as the Norton’s fire occurred, as it was clear this hadn’t been the case in the September 2021 incident. This was evidenced by the fact that notification of the fire to the MFRS came from a member of public dialling 999.”