Portugal’s wildfire crisis: Critics say the government’s response is falling short

by Aerial FirefightingBreaking NewsWildland Fire

Opposition voices raise concerns over response

Aman Alliance has reported that opposition parties in Portugal have criticised the government’s handling of recent wildfires.

The agency said that Livre, the Left Bloc (BE), the JPP and PAN raised concerns over delayed measures, a reactive stance and insufficient prevention.

Livre MP Paulo Muacho told journalists at parliament that the government should explain delays in convening the National Civil Protection Commission and clarify what steps are being taken after fires are extinguished, such as soil stabilisation.

He said: “The government needs to stop being reactive to this situation.

“We need to understand what is being done to improve firefighting and fire prevention, why the government is slow to convene the National Civil Protection Commission, and we also need to know what is being done on the ground when the fires are put out, particularly concerning emergency soil stabilisation.”

Livre calls for broader action

According to Aman Alliance, Muacho argued that the interior minister Maria Lúcia Amaral had been politically weakened by the wildfire crisis.

He said: “When situations like this happen, ministers are always weakened.

“We have the loss of human lives, we have homes at risk, villages at risk, protected areas on fire, we have a situation that is a catastrophe and in which it is also clear that there is a failure in the response that the state is giving and, therefore, naturally this weakens the minister and weakens the entire government and weakens the state as a whole, and that confidence that people have in the actions of the state.”

When asked if Amaral should remain in office, Muacho said that this was a decision for her to make.

He added that all possible means should have been used to respond and said that declaring a state of calamity “could be useful” because of the legal options it provides.

Livre also argued that financial aid announced by the government should be delivered quickly, with clear communication and minimal bureaucracy.

The party further proposed the creation of a professional career path for firefighters within humanitarian firefighting associations and recognition of firefighting as a profession with accelerated wear.

BE criticises delays in deployment

Aman Alliance reported that BE coordinator Mariana Mortágua said that the government’s response showed a lack of awareness of the distress faced by affected communities.

She said: “The reaction to the fires, the preparation, organisation and deployment of resources was delayed.”

Mortágua also said: “Support [must] reach the people in good time.”

She criticised the government leader’s focus on “quantitative accounting of measures” and highlighted what she considered irrelevant announcements such as user charges that no longer apply.

JPP urges greater focus on prevention

The agency stated that JPP MP Filipe Sousa called for investment in preventive measures.

He said: “Those who have lost everything or almost everything” need support but added: “The government continues to react to the tragedy instead of anticipating it.”

Sousa said: “If there isn’t the courage to invest in prevention, in a year’s time we’ll once again be counting houses destroyed, jobs lost and human lives taken by fire.”

PAN criticises forest management approach

According to Aman Alliance, PAN said that measures announced by the government may be “a smokescreen” for a lack of effective action.

The party said that aid should be made more agile and less bureaucratic.

It criticised the government’s view of forests “only from an economic perspective” and called for more investment in native forests.

PAN also noted the late activation of the European civil protection mechanism and the refusal to declare a disaster, while recalling deaths of people and animals and thousands of hectares of burnt land.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

For fire and safety professionals, the debate in Portugal highlights the tension between short-term emergency response and long-term prevention.

The criticism of delayed activation of national and European mechanisms may inform how coordination frameworks are designed and tested.

The proposals to recognise firefighting as a profession with accelerated wear and to create a defined career structure may also hold relevance for workforce planning.

Finally, the call for clear communication and efficient aid delivery demonstrates the importance of integrating local authorities and reducing administrative barriers in post-incident recovery.

Wildfires in Portugal spark political criticism: Summary

Opposition MPs in Portugal criticised the government’s response to recent wildfires.

Livre MP Paulo Muacho said the government was too reactive and called for faster prevention and support measures.

He argued that interior minister Maria Lúcia Amaral had been weakened politically.

Livre proposed a professional career structure for firefighters and recognition of the occupation as a high-wear profession.

The BE said the deployment of resources was delayed.

JPP MP Filipe Sousa said prevention efforts were insufficient.

PAN said measures were a smokescreen for government inaction.

PAN also criticised forest policy and the late use of European civil protection support.

All parties urged faster and more efficient aid for affected communities.

California expands wildfire response five years after record fire year

by Americas - Featured NewsFeatured NewsWildland Fire

Remembering the 2020 wildfire disaster

The Office of Governor Gavin Newsom has reported that California has marked five years since the state’s largest wildfire year on record.

According to the Governor’s office, the August 2020 lightning storm triggered hundreds of fires that burned more than 4.2 million acres over four months.

The fires resulted in 31 deaths, the destruction or damage of over 10,000 structures, and the August Complex surpassing one million acres to become the state’s first “gigafire”.

CAL FIRE relied on local, state, and federal partners including the California National Guard and California Conservation Corps as resources were strained during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Governor Gavin Newsom said: “Five years ago, we entered what became California’s biggest wildfire year on record – 31 lives were lost, thousands of homes were destroyed, and countless livelihoods were torn asunder.

“Since then, we’ve been hard at work doubling CAL FIRE’s workforce, building the world’s largest aerial firefighting force, equipping our teams with the latest technologies, and scaling prevention projects by 10x the amount from when I took office.

“We have more to do but there is simply no jurisdiction on the planet that matches the scale and innovation of our efforts to protect people from catastrophic wildfire.”

Expansion of CAL FIRE workforce

The Governor’s office reported that CAL FIRE has added an average of 1,800 permanent and 600 seasonal positions each year since 2019.

The office stated that the peak staffing period for seasonal crews has been extended from six to nine months.

The Governor’s team added that further recruitment is planned over the next four years to expand firefighter and natural resource positions.

According to the office, over 2,500 permanent posts have been created in the past five years.

CAL FIRE has also diversified hand crew programmes to make up for the reduced number of crews available from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

Technology and aerial resources

The Governor’s office explained that CAL FIRE has expanded its aviation fleet with 16 Fire Hawk helicopters capable of night flying and water drops.

It added that two C-130 Hercules airtankers are now available for operations.

The office noted that the Fire Integrated Real-Time Intelligence System (FIRIS) provides live fire data to commanders on the ground.

It explained that the system is used to track active wildfires and project spread.

According to the office, CAL FIRE now uses 1,190 ALERTCalifornia cameras equipped with artificial intelligence to identify smoke and fires, often faster than 911 calls.

Intelligence and analysis systems

The Governor’s office reported that the Wildfire Threat Integration and Intelligence Center was established in collaboration with the legislature.

It explained that the centre collects and shares wildfire intelligence with state and local agencies.

The centre provides forecasts and analysis to support decision making during fire events.

Artificial intelligence is used within the system to support predictive wildfire mapping.

The office stated that the technology helps incident commanders by modelling fire growth based on current conditions.

Investments in prevention and resilience

The Governor’s office said that California has invested more than $5 billion in wildfire and forest resilience since 2019.

It added that $135 million was made available this year for prevention programmes, with $72 million distributed to projects.

According to the office, 54 vegetation management projects covering nearly 12,000 acres have been fast-tracked under an emergency proclamation signed in March 2025.

The office stated that the measures are designed to increase community protection and forest resilience in the face of hotter and drier conditions.

The Governor’s office said these efforts reflect ongoing long-term work to increase wildfire readiness.

Federal context and challenges

The Governor’s office contrasted California’s actions with reductions in the U.S. Forest Service under the Trump administration.

It said the federal agency has lost 10% of total positions and 25% of non-response roles.

The Governor’s team added that a proposed reorganisation would close the Pacific Regional Forest Service office and others across the West.

The office stated that these changes could impact wildfire response capacity across California.

The Governor’s office urged residents to prepare evacuation plans, pack emergency supplies, and sign up for local alerts.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

For fire and safety professionals, California’s experience highlights the scale of resource, technology, and planning needed to manage wildfire risk in changing climate conditions.

The investment in staffing, aerial capacity, and intelligence systems shows how state-level coordination can expand operational capability.

The emphasis on prevention programmes and vegetation management illustrates how long-term mitigation strategies must operate alongside response measures.

The developments also reflect the growing importance of predictive tools and artificial intelligence in managing fast-moving incidents.

California expands wildfire response five years after record fire year: Summary

The Office of Governor Gavin Newsom reported that California marked five years since the 2020 wildfire disaster.

The August 2020 lightning storm caused more than 4.2 million acres to burn.

The wildfires killed 31 people and destroyed or damaged over 10,000 structures.

The August Complex became the first “gigafire” in California history.

CAL FIRE has added more than 2,500 permanent positions since 2019.

Seasonal staffing has been extended from six to nine months.

The state expanded its aviation fleet with 16 Fire Hawks and two C-130 Hercules.

The FIRIS programme now provides real-time fire data to incident commanders.

California installed 1,190 AI-enabled ALERTCalifornia cameras for fire detection.

A Wildfire Threat Integration and Intelligence Center now provides forecasts and analysis.

The state invested more than $5 billion in wildfire and forest resilience since 2019.

Fifty-four vegetation management projects covering 12,000 acres were fast-tracked in 2025.

The Governor’s office contrasted these efforts with cuts to the U.S. Forest Service.

It warned that federal reductions could affect wildfire response in California.

Residents were urged to prepare evacuation plans, go bags, and register for alerts.

FBU says firefighters face “impossible choice” as safety gear and jobs fall short

by Breaking NewsPPEWildland Fire

Union highlights lack of wildfire PPE

The Fire Brigades Union (FBU) has warned that firefighters tackling wildfires across the UK were deployed without specialist personal protective equipment.

According to the FBU, recent wildfires in Edinburgh, North Yorkshire and Holt Heath in Dorset exposed gaps in equipment and training across services.

The union reported that the Holt Heath fire drew resources from 17 fire and rescue services, including Avon, Dorset and Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Hampshire and the Isle of Wight.

It said that many crews attended without lightweight wildfire PPE.

The union added that some firefighters had only received online training or none at all before being sent into wildfire conditions.

Increased risks to firefighter safety

The FBU stated that the absence of specialist PPE forced crews to make unsafe choices in extreme heat.

It warned that firefighters faced elevated risks of heat stroke, exhaustion and burns during extended wildfire deployments.

According to the union, some crews removed heavier structural PPE to reduce overheating, leaving their skin exposed.

It said that this demonstrated the urgent requirement for national standards on equipment and training.

Call for investment and national standards

Adam Taylor, Fire Brigades Union national officer, said: “Wildfires are increasingly a fact of life in many areas now that our climate is rapidly heating, but too often firefighters are not being provided with the basic equipment and training they need to keep themselves and the public safe.

“Without proper PPE, firefighters face an impossible choice between heat stroke and exposing themselves to burns, either from flames or the sun.

“We urgently need investment to sort out this problem. We also need national standards on equipment and training, as well as response times and crewing levels.

“Labour promised to safeguard workers’ rights and to rebuild fire service standards – it’s time for this government to deliver.”

Concerns from firefighters on deployment

Harry Brant, FBU Leicestershire brigade secretary, said: “We are proud of the six firefighters who were deployed from Leicestershire to help tackle the wildfire at Holt Heath.

“But it is not ideal that they were sent without access to proper wildfire PPE to aid them in the arduous conditions they faced.

“Without lightweight wildfire PPE, firefighters face an increased risk of heatstroke, burns and exhaustion.

“Our members travelled more than a hundred miles – the least they deserve is the tools they need to keep themselves and the public safe.

“We need national standards, so that all firefighters can go to work knowing they will have the right equipment, wherever they are working.”

FBU warns of impact from proposed cuts

The Fire Brigades Union has also criticised government plans to cut fire and rescue service budgets.

It said the decision comes just over a year after Labour took office.

The union warned that the reductions could lead to the loss of 2,300 firefighter jobs across the UK.

It explained that the cuts followed a below-inflation funding settlement for 2025–26.

Fire service capacity and climate pressures

The National Fire Chiefs Council has modelled a funding gap of £102m, equal to around 1,500 firefighter posts, not including London or rural services.

The FBU said that including those areas would increase the figure to 2,300 posts at risk.

It added that the service has already lost 12,000 firefighter roles since 2010, equating to one in five.

According to the union, response times have lengthened and in some locations fire engines are mobilised without the full five-person crews needed to manage incidents safely.

It noted that these reductions come as climate-driven risks increase.

The union pointed to more frequent wildfires, floods and extreme weather across the UK, with around 900 wildfire incidents already recorded this year, surpassing 2022 totals.

FBU response to government proposals

Steve Wright, Fire Brigades Union general secretary, said: “It is simply disgraceful that the government is imposing cuts on this scale, having come to power promising change. The fire service is already on its knees after 15 years of austerity.

“Cuts to the emergency services will cost lives. It is a matter of time until someone dies – either because we don’t have the resources to reach them in time, or because cuts mean firefighters are being put in harm’s way.

“The UK has a record number of billionaires. The average FTSE 100 CEO takes three days to earn a firefighter’s whole annual salary. There is a clear alternative – introduce a wealth tax, rebuild our public services, and create an economy for workers.

“Time is running out for Labour to demonstrate that it can provide a meaningful alternative to Tory austerity. The government must think again about these cuts.”

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

For fire and safety professionals, the concerns raised by the FBU highlight operational risks and long-term challenges in the UK.

The absence of proper PPE and consistent training standards affects frontline safety during wildfire deployments.

At the same time, planned staffing cuts threaten the ability of services to maintain response levels while climate-related emergencies grow in scale and frequency.

The issues identified by the union emphasise the need for clear national standards, sustainable funding and policy measures that align resources with increasing demands.

FBU raises concerns over PPE shortages and budget cuts in UK fire services: Summary

The Fire Brigades Union has reported that firefighters in the UK were sent to wildfires without specialist PPE.

The union said some crews had only received limited or no training.

It stated that firefighters faced increased risks of heat stroke, burns and exhaustion.

The FBU called for national standards on equipment, training, crewing and response times.

The union also warned that government budget cuts could remove 2,300 firefighter posts.

It said this followed a below-inflation funding settlement for 2025–26.

The National Fire Chiefs Council has projected a £102m funding shortfall, excluding London and rural services.

The FBU noted that the service has already lost 12,000 firefighter jobs since 2010.

It said response times have lengthened and fire engines are sometimes mobilised with fewer than five crew members.

The union warned that cuts come as wildfire, flood and extreme weather incidents rise across the UK.

UNICEF survey reveals youth wildfire concerns in Albania

by Featured NewsWildland Fire

Wildfire impact prompts youth concerns in Albania

A UNICEF report has highlighted that young people in Albania are increasingly concerned about wildfires and their impact on health, safety and the environment.

According to UNICEF, wildfires have become a recurring summer threat across Albania and the wider Western Balkans, worsened by rising temperatures, prolonged droughts and dry landscapes.

The organisation reported that in July 2025, U-Report survey data showed 78% of young respondents believed wildfires in Albania are caused by human activity, often intentional.

It added that more than half of respondents, 56%, said they had been directly or indirectly affected by wildfires.

The survey also showed that only 16% of young people feel prepared for fire-related emergencies, while 33% said they rarely or never feel safe during wildfire season.

Human activity and climate conditions

UNICEF explained that young respondents see wildfires as a mix of environmental and human causes.

It reported that climate change contributes to conditions that allow fires to spread faster and last longer.

The organisation added that young people view human activity, including deliberate actions, as a major driver of wildfire outbreaks.

According to UNICEF, this perception means that awareness and education are seen as necessary for reducing preventable fires.

It said that survey results suggest young people expect communities to address both environmental pressures and human-caused risks in order to reduce damage.

Youth engagement and prevention efforts

UNICEF stated that 85% of young respondents indicated they wanted to be involved in wildfire awareness and prevention work.

It added that young people suggested activities such as workshops, fire safety campaigns and community engagement projects to support preparedness.

The organisation explained that respondents also called for schools to include environmental education and fire readiness as part of the curriculum.

According to UNICEF, youth activists highlighted the importance of simulations and emergency drills to build confidence and support during real incidents.

It reported that volunteering in reforestation and clean-up projects was seen as another way to demonstrate responsibility towards the environment.

Broader health and social consequences

UNICEF highlighted that wildfire smoke and damage have health consequences, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly and people with asthma.

It reported that wildfires can also destroy wildlife habitats and farmland, with long-term effects on local economies and tourism.

The organisation explained that beyond physical damage, communities experience stress, disrupted daily life and emotional pressure during fire season.

According to UNICEF, these issues mean that young people see wildfire prevention as linked directly to protecting public health and community stability.

It added that respondents viewed wildfires as more than an environmental issue, stressing their long-lasting impact on social and economic wellbeing.

Voices of youth activists

UNICEF shared the views of youth activists involved in its Adolescent Advisory Board.

One activist said: “We as young people are one of the most powerful resources in preventing and responding to those issues that directly affect our lives.

“We can start by raising awareness in our communities, organising workshops and sharing fire safety tips, especially in rural or high-risk areas.

“In schools, we should push for environmental education and emergency preparedness to be part of the curriculum from an early age.

“Volunteering for clean-up and reforestation projects also shows that we care about our environment and want to help it heal.

“My final call to action is that we cannot wait for someone else to take the first step.

“As young people, we can be the generation that stops wildfires before they start, through awareness, responsible action, and care for our environment.”

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

The UNICEF survey offers insights into how young people perceive wildfire risk and what actions they see as necessary to address it.

For fire and safety professionals, the findings highlight gaps in preparedness among youth communities and the potential role of education and training.

The responses also suggest opportunities for professionals to collaborate with schools, local groups and youth organisations on prevention campaigns and emergency readiness exercises.

This perspective provides context for developing strategies that connect wildfire risk management with public engagement and resilience building.

UNICEF survey reveals youth wildfire concerns in Albania: Summary

UNICEF reported that wildfires are a growing summer threat in Albania and the Western Balkans.

The organisation stated that climate change and human activity both contribute to increasing wildfire outbreaks.

According to UNICEF, 78% of young respondents believe wildfires are caused by human actions.

It said that 56% of respondents had been directly or indirectly affected by wildfires.

UNICEF reported that only 16% of young people feel prepared for fire-related emergencies.

It added that 33% said they rarely or never feel safe during wildfire season.

The organisation stated that 85% of respondents want to participate in awareness and prevention efforts.

UNICEF reported that young people called for environmental education in schools and community workshops.

It said that health, economic and social consequences were highlighted as major concerns.

The organisation explained that wildfire smoke particularly affects children, the elderly and those with asthma.

It added that fires destroy habitats, farmland and tourism areas, causing long-term economic damage.

According to UNICEF, young people emphasised the stress and disruption caused by wildfires.

The organisation stated that youth activists view prevention as essential to protecting communities.

It added that volunteers see reforestation and clean-up projects as part of the solution.

UNICEF concluded that involving youth is central to reducing wildfire risks in Albania.

How Europe’s wildfire season turned into a continent-wide emergency

by Aerial FirefightingBreaking NewsWildland Fire

Spain expands military wildfire response

National news reports said Spain has deployed 500 additional soldiers to fight wildfires, bringing the total to 1,900 military personnel.

According to AP News, Reuters and Sky News, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez confirmed the new deployment as Spain battles 14 major blazes across Galicia, Castile and Leon, and Extremadura.

Regional authorities in Galicia reported homes under threat, evacuations in progress and major road and rail closures.

Spain’s weather agency AEMET forecast temperatures up to 45C, warning of “extreme” risk conditions across much of the country.

The European Forest Fire Information System said 158,000 hectares have burned in Spain this year, nearly double the average and an area comparable to metropolitan London.

International reinforcements sent to Iberian Peninsula

Virginia Barcones, head of Spain’s Civil Protection Agency, told RTVE that Dutch firefighting planes are joining aircraft already provided by France and Italy.

National news reports said reinforcements from other EU member states are expected in the coming days.

The Civil Protection Agency added that international crews will help stabilise fires in Galicia and Zamora province.

Rail operator Renfe suspended high-speed trains between Madrid and Galicia, while authorities urged residents to wear masks to guard against heavy smoke.

Portugal’s Civil Protection Agency reported more than 4,000 firefighters supported by 17 aircraft are engaged in operations across the country.

The Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Forests estimated 139,000 hectares burned in Portugal this year, 17 times higher than the same period in 2024.

Turkish fires threaten Gallipoli peninsula

National news reports said Turkey has recorded 19 wildfire deaths since June and evacuated six villages in Çanakkale province.

Governor Omer Toraman confirmed evacuations as 1,300 personnel and 30 aircraft fought fires close to the Gallipoli peninsula.

Visitor facilities and cemeteries linked to the First World War campaign were closed as flames advanced.

The Directorate of Forestry said hundreds of fires have occurred across Turkey this summer due to heat, wind and drought.

Authorities said the number and intensity of incidents are the highest in years.

Major incidents in Castile and Leon and Extremadura

National news reports said one of Spain’s largest recorded wildfires, near Molezuelas de la Carballeda in Castile and Leon, spread at 4,000 hectares per hour before slowing.

In Extremadura, a blaze near Badajoz consumed 2,500 hectares within hours before being contained, according to government delegate José Luis Quintana.

The fires caused extensive road closures during peak holiday travel.

Police said arrests have been made for breaches of fire restrictions and suspected arson, including in Ourense and Costa da Morte.

According to the EU’s fire service, more than 157,000 hectares have burned in Spain this year.

In Portugal, five major fires remain active, including one near Trancoso that has burned for six days.

EU Civil Protection Mechanism activated

According to the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO), Spain activated the EU Civil Protection Mechanism for forest fires for the first time in August.

Two rescEU planes based in France were deployed to assist.

Greece activated the mechanism on 12 August, with Swedish aircraft and firefighters from Czechia, Moldova and Romania sent to support operations.

Bulgaria received air support from six countries, while Albania and Montenegro also received rescEU aircraft from neighbouring EU states.

The European Commission said the mechanism has been activated 16 times this season, matching the total for all of 2024.

The Copernicus satellite service has also been deployed to monitor fires in Greece, Spain and Bulgaria.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

The scale of the 2025 wildfire season highlights the importance of international coordination in firefighting.

The EU Civil Protection Mechanism demonstrates how multinational resources can be mobilised quickly to support national responses.

The extreme weather conditions recorded across southern Europe illustrate the increasing pressures on firefighting capacity and the need for cross-border resource planning.

Professionals in the sector can monitor how international systems and satellite data are integrated into operational response.

EU mobilises as southern Europe battles wildfires: Summary

Spain has deployed 500 additional soldiers to fight wildfires, bringing the total to 1,900.

According to national news reports, the country is battling 14 major blazes across Galicia, Castile and Leon, and Extremadura.

Portugal has more than 4,000 firefighters deployed and 139,000 hectares have burned this year.

Turkey has reported 19 deaths since June and evacuations in Çanakkale province.

The EU Civil Protection Mechanism has been activated 16 times this season, matching the total for all of 2024.

Aircraft and personnel have been sent from France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Czechia, Romania and other countries.

The European Forest Fire Information System said 158,000 hectares have burned in Spain so far in 2025.

Authorities reported road and rail closures, evacuations and arrests linked to fire restrictions.

The European Commission said Copernicus satellite monitoring has been deployed in Greece, Spain and Bulgaria.

National news reports said smoke has reached the UK, affecting skies.

Why California’s high-tech fire detection still needs volunteers in yellow vests

by Featured NewsFire DetectionWildland Fire

Fire detection in California supported by Orange County volunteers

The Los Angeles Times has reported that Orange County Fire Watch relies on trained community volunteers to provide fire detection during high-risk weather conditions in California.

According to the newspaper, the programme mobilises more than 300 people when the National Weather Service issues red flag warnings for extreme fire danger.

Volunteers are sent to trailheads and roadways in the county’s wildland-urban interface, where they observe conditions and watch for possible ignition sources.

They wear marked vests and hats, attach magnets to their vehicles, and use binoculars to spot fire activity.

The programme is coordinated from a temporary command centre where staff use televisions, computers, and phones to manage field teams.

The role of human activity in wildfire ignitions

The Los Angeles Times reported that human-operated equipment has historically been responsible for about 34 per cent of wildfires in Orange County, while arson accounted for about 15 per cent.

Experts cited by the newspaper explained that reducing these ignition sources is a priority in coastal areas, where native vegetation is increasingly replaced by flammable invasive species.

Lightning once accounted for most ignitions, but now contributes to fewer than 5 per cent of coastal fires.

Researcher Alexandra Syphard said: “When you have so-called ‘red flag days,’ that is the time to put the effort into monitoring for ignitions.

“The fact that you have these volunteers doing that — it is exactly what I would recommend.”

Volunteer training and organisation structure

According to the Los Angeles Times, Orange County Fire Watch draws its participants from existing county park and Irvine Ranch Conservancy volunteer pools.

Together these organisations provide access to about 1,700 people who are already engaged in community service.

Volunteers must complete first aid and engagement training before taking part in a four-hour course on fire behaviour, emergency response, and spotting suspicious activity.

The newspaper reported that this prepares them to quickly identify fires and pass information to the Orange County Fire Authority.

Coordinator Renalynn Funtanilla said volunteers also engage the public on trails and roads to warn about red flag conditions.

Technology in California fire detection

The Los Angeles Times explained that high-tech fire detection systems are increasingly used across California, including AI-enabled cameras, satellites, and sensor networks.

Cal Fire has partnered with the University of California San Diego on more than 1,100 remote cameras, which in 2024 detected 1,600 fires.

NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration operate GOES satellites, which scan the state every 10 minutes.

The Earth Fire Alliance, supported by Google and Cal Fire, has developed a FireSat constellation prototype for high-resolution scans of fire-prone regions.

The Irvine Ranch Conservancy has also tested student-designed heat and smoke sensors.

Human presence and prevention efforts

Despite technological advances, the Los Angeles Times reported that Orange County Fire Watch emphasises the role of direct public interaction.

Volunteers warn hikers about cigarette use, flag vehicles creating sparks, and provide information about fire safety.

Funtanilla said: “Computers, sensors and AI can’t talk to the public and say, ‘Hey, did you know about these red flag warning conditions?’

“There’s definitely value to that human touch of having a person stationed with this yellow vest that someone from the public can actually ask questions.”

Wildfire consultant Jeff Shelton also said the programme should expand alongside technology, describing it as “indispensable.”

Measuring effectiveness of fire watch programmes

The Los Angeles Times reported that researchers face challenges in measuring the direct impact of fire watch initiatives.

Counting prevented ignitions, such as sparks from a vehicle rim identified by volunteers, provides only partial evidence.

Broader studies comparing ignition numbers during fire watch operations have not yet been conducted.

Despite these limits, experts said volunteer-based monitoring is cost-effective and complements the use of high-tech fire detection.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

This case highlights the balance between community engagement and advanced fire detection technology.

For professionals, it shows how low-cost volunteer programmes can supplement remote sensing and AI systems.

It also illustrates the importance of prevention in areas where human activity is a major ignition source.

Fire and safety practitioners may consider similar models where public involvement and formal emergency response can work together.

Fire detection in California supported by Orange County volunteers: Summary

The Los Angeles Times has reported that Orange County Fire Watch deploys volunteers to monitor for wildfires in California.

More than 300 volunteers are mobilised during red flag warnings.

Volunteers monitor trailheads and roadways in the wildland-urban interface.

The programme is coordinated through the Irvine Ranch Conservancy.

Human equipment use accounts for about 34 per cent of wildfires in the county.

Arson is linked to about 15 per cent of wildfires.

Volunteers complete first aid and fire behaviour training.

The Orange County Fire Authority supports the programme.

High-tech fire detection is used elsewhere in California.

AI cameras, satellites, and sensors detect fire starts.

Researchers said effectiveness of volunteer fire watch is difficult to measure.

Volunteers provide prevention by engaging the public.

Experts said combining technology and community monitoring is cost-effective.

Some experts described the programme as indispensable.

The programme has operated in Orange County for ten years.

Countries at highest fire danger risk named in new International SOS wildfire season outlook

by Featured NewsWildland Fire

Countries facing high fire danger

According to International SOS, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Spain, Portugal, Albania, Montenegro, Germany, Italy, France and the USA face the highest fire danger this summer.

The organisation reported that this assessment was published in its 2025 Europe Wildfire season: preparation, response insight report.

It said the report examined the impact of wildfires on organisational operations, security and employee health and wellbeing.

International SOS stated that Portugal was worst affected by wildfires in 2024, with about 1,100 sq km of land burnt.

This accounted for roughly 25% of the total area burnt across Europe that year, according to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service.

Greece wildfire preparations

International SOS reported that Greece has regularly been among the countries most affected by wildfires in Europe.

It said the Greek Ministry of Climate Crisis and Civil Protection increased firefighter numbers from 15,500 in 2022 to more than 18,000 ahead of the 2025 season.

The ministry also expanded its firefighting vehicle fleet from 270 to 3,700.

According to the organisation, these measures form part of broader seasonal readiness efforts.

Current wildfire activity

Adam Lakhani, Security Director at International SOS, said: “There has been below-average wildfire activity in the lead up to the summer months, likely due to high levels of rainfall across historically at-risk regions including Southern Europe.

“France, Italy, Portugal and Spain.

“However, in recent days and weeks, wildfires have begun to hit the regions, also extending as far as Eastern Europe.

“Currently, much of Southern Europe is facing fires and warnings of extreme heat.

“In Greece, the worst-affected regions have faced structural damage to buildings, with authorities issuing an orange warning – which sits at Level 4 on a five-tier scale.

“In both Turkey and Cyprus, wildfires are already underway.

“Emergency services are battling blazes, with most-affected regions also reporting power outages.

“Portugal faced three wildfires alone on Tuesday 12th August, which are encroaching the villages of Palhais, Reboleiro, Aldeia Nova, and Aldeia Velha – causing great concern to authorities.

“Germany, Albania, Italy, Montenegro, and France have all issued orange and red heatwave warnings for this week, with Spain also facing fires in Andalusia, Castile and Leon, as well as autonomous communities in Madrid.

“Wildfires can directly impact health by causing injuries and even death from burns or smoke inhalation.”

Health impacts of wildfire smoke

Dr Kate O’Reilly, Regional Medical Director at International SOS, said: “The smoke from wildfires is a mixture of hazardous air pollutants, including particulate matter, that can affect those in near proximity to the fire, as well as distant populations.

“Exposure to wildfire smoke can irritate the lungs, cause inflammation, affect the immune system and increase susceptibility to respiratory infections.

“People who are pregnant, who have chronic lung disease, such as asthma, or who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or those with cardiovascular diseases are more vulnerable to wildfire smoke.

“The long-term impacts of wildfire exposure include worsening lung and cardiovascular disease.

“Mental health conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety, in both adults and children can increase after witnessing a wildfire.

“Access to healthcare can be impacted during and in the aftermath of wildfires.

“Hospitals and clinics may face operational difficulties due to damage, power outages or evacuation orders.

“Demand for services may also increase.

“The current situation across Europe is of great concern.

“We are keeping a close eye on our systems for the ‘fire danger forecast’ and are keeping clients and their workforces up to date with actionable insight and on-hand to support.”

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

The report outlines potential operational pressures for fire and safety professionals during the 2025 wildfire season.

It provides country-level data to support resource planning, mutual aid agreements and early deployment strategies.

The health impact findings highlight the need to integrate medical response and occupational health into wildfire preparedness.

The data may inform training programmes on both suppression techniques and post-incident recovery operations.

Fire danger warning issued for Europe and USA: Summary

International SOS has identified Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Spain, Portugal, Albania, Montenegro, Germany, Italy, France and the USA as facing the highest fire danger this summer.

The organisation’s assessment is published in its 2025 Europe Wildfire season: preparation, response insight report.

Portugal was worst affected by wildfires in 2024, with about 1,100 sq km of land burnt.

This accounted for roughly 25% of all land burnt in Europe that year.

Greece increased firefighter numbers to more than 18,000 and expanded its firefighting vehicle fleet to 3,700.

Wildfires have been reported across Southern and Eastern Europe in recent weeks.

Heatwave warnings have been issued in Germany, Albania, Italy, Montenegro, France and Spain.

Adam Lakhani of International SOS said recent fires have caused structural damage and power outages in several countries.

He also noted multiple active fires in Portugal and Spain.

Dr Kate O’Reilly of International SOS outlined the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure.

These include respiratory and cardiovascular risks, with vulnerable groups more severely affected.

She also cited mental health impacts such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety.

Access to healthcare may be disrupted by fire damage, power loss or evacuation orders.

Demand for healthcare services often increases during and after wildfire events.

International SOS continues to monitor fire danger forecasts.

The organisation provides clients with updates and operational support.

Critical resources shortage triggers national wildfire response in Dorset

by Featured News

Fire Brigades Union reports national deployment to Dorset wildfire

According to the Fire Brigades Union (FBU), a shortage of critical resources has forced the deployment of firefighters from across the UK to tackle a major wildfire at Holt Heath in Dorset.

The union said the rare national mobilisation was required because local and neighbouring fire and rescue services did not have enough personnel and equipment to manage the incident.

It reported that neighbouring services sent crews from Devon and Somerset, Avon, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Royal Berkshire, and Hampshire and Isle of Wight.

The FBU confirmed that the incident triggered a National Resilience response, a programme co-ordinated by central and local government for large-scale or critical emergencies.

Under this programme, firefighters from Essex, Kent, Surrey, Bedfordshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Leicestershire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Lancashire, and South Wales have been sent to Dorset.

Union cites long-term cuts in staffing and equipment

FBU assistant general secretary Ben Selby said: “Fourteen years of austerity have led to incidents such as the wildfire at Holt Heath becoming national emergencies.

“The loss of 1 in 5 firefighter posts to cuts, with fire engines taken off the run and fire stations closed up and down the country, means that there is no resilience left.

“Wildfires are intensive incidents, requiring a large number of firefighters and specialist resources. They are becoming increasingly severe and frequent as a result of the climate emergency.

“The government must face this reality and ensure that the UK is equipped to face these increasing threats by providing the investment the fire and rescue service needs.”

Impact on Dorset and neighbouring services

The FBU explained that the shortage of resources has left Dorset and Wiltshire and neighbouring fire and rescue services unable to manage the incident without national assistance.

It stated that these services have been affected by cuts over recent years, reducing available personnel and equipment.

The union added that the situation has shown how stretched resources can affect the ability to respond effectively to major incidents in the region.

It said that more local resources would reduce the need for long-distance deployments during emergencies.

Ongoing firefighting effort at Holt Heath

FBU executive council member for the South West Val Hampshire said: “Firefighters continue to work tirelessly in challenging conditions to tackle the large wildfire at Holt Heath.

“Throughout the week, firefighter crews have travelled from all neighbouring counties and across the UK from as far as Merseyside to assist.

“This is the result of resources being shockingly thin on the ground. Dorset and Wiltshire and neighbouring services have been cut to the bone. During this wildfire there simply haven’t been enough firefighters available in the region.

“Lessons must be learned from this ongoing incident, and all fire and rescue services must start piling the pressure on central government for the funding needed.”

National Resilience response explained

The National Resilience programme is designed to support fire and rescue services during large-scale or complex incidents where local capacity is insufficient.

It is co-ordinated between central government, local government, and the fire sector.

Deployment of crews from multiple services aims to ensure the necessary resources are available to manage emergencies effectively.

The FBU said the Dorset wildfire demonstrates the reliance on this programme due to reduced local capacity.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

This incident illustrates the operational implications of resource shortages for fire and rescue services.

It shows how reduced staffing and equipment availability can require national mobilisation even for incidents within a single region.

The case also highlights the importance of maintaining adequate local capacity to respond to increasingly severe wildfire risks linked to climate conditions.

Understanding the logistics of National Resilience deployment is relevant for emergency planning and inter-service coordination.

Critical resources shortage triggers national wildfire response in Dorset: Summary

Fire Brigades Union (FBU) said a shortage of critical resources has forced firefighters from across the UK to respond to a major wildfire at Holt Heath in Dorset.

The union reported that crews have been deployed from both neighbouring and distant services, including Merseyside.

It confirmed the incident triggered a National Resilience response co-ordinated by central and local government.

FBU assistant general secretary Ben Selby linked the situation to cuts in staffing and equipment over 14 years.

Selby said wildfires require large crews and specialist resources and are increasing due to climate conditions.

FBU South West executive council member Val Hampshire said local resources have been “cut to the bone”.

Hampshire stated that the shortage meant not enough firefighters were available in the region.

The union said lessons should be learned and funding increased for fire and rescue services.

NFCC reports wildfire surge placing strain on UK fire services

by Featured NewsWildland Fire

Rising wildfire numbers prompt NFCC warning

The National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) has reported that firefighters in England and Wales have attended 856 wildfires so far this year.

According to the NFCC, the figure is on track to surpass the record numbers recorded in 2022.

It said that 2025 has already seen more wildfires by mid-August than any other year on record.

The NFCC stated that the increase is being driven by prolonged dry conditions and repeated summer heatwaves.

It added that the UK is currently experiencing another heatwave, with the Met Office forecasting temperatures reaching up to 34°C in parts of the country.

Year-on-year wildfire comparison

The NFCC reported that by 31 July 2025, 793 wildfires had been attended, compared with 596 by the same date in 2022.

It said this represented a 33% increase.

It added that the difference with last year was more pronounced, with 663% more wildfires recorded than in the same period in 2024.

National Resilience data showed that in 2024, fire and rescue services attended 104 wildfires by the end of July, compared with 663 over the same period in 2025.

The council stated that incidents this year are expected to exceed the 2022 record total.

Recent wildfire incidents across the UK

The NFCC said that Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service declared a major incident on 9 August due to two large heath fires.

It stated that more than 100 firefighters attended a fire at Holt Heath near Wimborne.

The service reported that at Newton Heath, near Swanage, crews worked on a blaze the size of 35 football pitches.

According to Dorset and Wiltshire FRS, neighbouring services from Hampshire and Isle of Wight, Devon and Somerset, and crews from as far as Lancashire, Merseyside and Greater Manchester provided support.

The NFCC said that on 10 August, the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service attended a gorse blaze on Arthur’s Seat in Edinburgh that lasted through the night.

Resource strain and operational impact

NFCC Chair Phil Garrigan said: “Firefighters are already being pushed to their limits, with the major incident declared in Dorset and Wiltshire this week and the blaze at Arthur’s Seat showing just how demanding and dangerous these events can be.

“Each wildfire can take days – sometimes weeks – to bring under control, tying up crews and specialist equipment and placing huge strain on other vital fire and rescue work.

“There’s a real human toll on our firefighters too who are undertaking the most arduous work in the toughest conditions.”

Garrigan added: “We are already seeing more wildfires at this point in the year than in 2022 — which itself was a record year — and that is deeply concerning.

“This is against a backdrop of sustained cuts in funding and reducing firefighter numbers – with 11,000 fewer firefighters in England now than there were 10 years ago, alongside a 20% increase in demand over the same period.

“Climate change is fuelling more frequent and intense extreme weather events, and wildfires are no longer a seasonal threat; they are a persistent and growing risk to life, property, and the environment.

“Meeting this challenge will require long-term, sustained investment so that fire and rescue services have the people, resources, and equipment they need to protect our communities, no matter how many fronts they are fighting on.”

Public safety advice on wildfires

The NFCC advised avoiding the use of disposable barbecues in open countryside, parks and moorland areas.

It said people should not discard cigarettes, matches or glass bottles.

The council stated that these can ignite dry vegetation.

It recommended following local authority guidance on fire risks and restrictions.

The NFCC urged anyone witnessing suspicious behaviour or deliberate fire-starting to contact the police or report anonymously to Crimestoppers.

It said that signs of fire should be reported immediately to the fire and rescue service by calling 999.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

The NFCC’s data and statements highlight the operational challenges faced by UK fire services during periods of high wildfire activity.

It shows the effect of weather patterns on incident frequency and resource allocation.

For fire and safety professionals, this information underscores the need for planning, inter-agency support, and public awareness measures to mitigate wildfire risk.

It also reinforces the importance of considering long-term investment in equipment and personnel to meet increasing demands.

NFCC reports wildfire surge placing strain on UK fire services: Summary

The National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) has reported 856 wildfires in England and Wales so far in 2025.

By the end of July 2025, 793 incidents had been recorded.

This is a 33% increase compared with the same period in 2022.

It is also 663% higher than the same period in 2024.

The NFCC said the increase is linked to heatwaves and dry conditions.

On 9 August, Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service declared a major incident due to two heath fires.

More than 100 firefighters attended Holt Heath near Wimborne.

At Newton Heath, near Swanage, crews tackled a blaze covering an area equivalent to 35 football pitches.

Support came from neighbouring services and from as far as Lancashire, Merseyside and Greater Manchester.

On 10 August, Scottish Fire and Rescue Service responded to a gorse blaze on Arthur’s Seat in Edinburgh.

The NFCC urged public adherence to safety advice to reduce wildfire risk.

Bulgaria uses satellite fire surveillance to support wildfire response

by Featured NewsFire DetectionWildland Fire

Bulgaria monitors wildfires using satellite fire surveillance

European News Room (enr) has reported that Bulgaria’s Ministry of Interior is monitoring national wildfire conditions using the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS).

Interior Minister Daniel Mitov said the country receives real-time satellite data on fire locations, hourly temperature anomalies, and the scale of destroyed areas.

Mitov explained that the information also includes long-term monthly forecasts for temperature and precipitation anomalies, statistical data, and fire danger index assessments.

He added that Bulgaria’s General Directorate for Fire Safety and Population Protection can activate the Copernicus system when operational needs arise.

EFFIS also provides Bulgaria with news and operational updates from other European Union member states and international partners.

Wildfire locations and scale in Bulgaria

Mitov stated earlier this week that Bulgaria is currently experiencing more than 1,000 active fires.

Two of these incidents are classed as more serious, one near Sungurlare in the Burgas region and another in the Blagoevgrad region near Ilindentsi.

According to Mitov, firefighting equipment provided through the European Civil Protection Mechanism has been deployed in the affected areas.

The fire near Sungurlare involved Swedish aircraft and helicopters, along with one American helicopter from the base in Novo Selo.

Mitov confirmed that this fire has now been brought under control.

Ongoing firefighting in the Pirin Mountains

Mitov reported that the fire in the Pirin Mountains remains active.

Military personnel have been deployed alongside firefighters to tackle the incident both from the air and on the ground.

Operations in the Pirin Mountains are ongoing, with no timeline given for containment.

International assistance through the EU Civil Protection Mechanism

In July, Bulgaria formally activated the EU Civil Protection Mechanism to address wildfire threats.

This resulted in the deployment of four helicopters from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and France.

Three Swedish planes were also sent to support Bulgarian firefighting efforts.

The Ministry of Interior stated that this international support has been essential in tackling multiple fire outbreaks across the country.

Bulgaria’s wildfire statistics and European ranking

According to EFFIS data shared in early August by Eng. Tihomir Tomanov, Executive Director of the Municipal Forests Association, Bulgaria ranks second in Europe for wildfire incidence in 2024, behind only Cyprus.

Tomanov reported that the country typically records around 600 forest fires annually.

These fires affect approximately 10,000 hectares of land each year.

Direct economic losses from these incidents are estimated at 2.5 million euros annually.

Relevance for fire and safety professionals

Fire and safety professionals can note Bulgaria’s integration of EFFIS and Copernicus systems as examples of using satellite-based intelligence in operational decision-making.

The country’s coordination with the EU Civil Protection Mechanism highlights the role of international resource sharing in wildfire response.

The data provided through these systems supports risk assessment, long-term forecasting, and the prioritisation of resources.

These approaches may inform strategies in other regions facing large-scale wildfire challenges.

Bulgaria uses satellite fire surveillance to support wildfire response: Summary

Bulgaria is using the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) for real-time wildfire monitoring.

Interior Minister Daniel Mitov said the data includes locations, temperature anomalies, destroyed areas, and long-term forecasts.

The Copernicus system can be activated for operational needs.

Bulgaria currently has over 1,000 active fires, with serious incidents near Sungurlare and Ilindentsi.

International aircraft assisted in extinguishing the Sungurlare fire.

The Pirin Mountains fire is ongoing with military involvement.

In July, Bulgaria activated the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.

Helicopters from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, and France, plus Swedish planes, were deployed.

EFFIS data shows Bulgaria ranks second in Europe for wildfires in 2024.

The country averages 600 forest fires per year.

Annual losses are about 2.5 million euros.