Danger at the distribution point, with Gavin Parker

by Breaking NewsFire Suppression

Gavin Parker shares critical lessons from his decades of experience responding to dangerous and disruptive substation fires across the electrical network 

When a fire broke out at an electricity substation in Hayes on 22 March 2025, it triggered a major shutdown at Heathrow Airport. The airport remained closed for 18 hours, disrupting flights for around 200,000 passengers. Although Heathrow has three substations and emergency back-up systems, delays in switching power supplies exposed weaknesses in its operational resilience. 

Electrical substations, like the one involved in the Heathrow incident, are a critical part of the power distribution network. Fires at these sites pose a range of risks—high-voltage equipment, potential explosions, hazardous smoke, and environmental contamination—all of which demand a carefully coordinated and safety-driven emergency response. 

To better understand how fire services prepare for and respond to substation fires, Gavin Parker, an expert in electrical infrastructure and emergency planning, shares insights that detail the unique hazards of these incidents and outline key operational considerations for firefighters and incident commanders. 

Transmission and distribution network 

There are many types of electrical substations that form part of the transmission and distribution network, including transmission, distribution, converter and collector. Transformer yards (switchyards) may be situated within a substation or at a power station. 

Substation fire hazards 

Substation fires present numerous risks. High-voltage equipment can arc and electrocute responders if approached improperly, including through indirect contact with conductive materials, which can be fatal. Transformer failures may lead to explosions, projecting debris and igniting nearby materials.  

Burning electrical insulation and cooling oils can release hazardous fumes, creating toxic smoke hazards. Heat and explosions may also damage steel and concrete supports, leading to structural instability and potential collapse. 

Apart from risks to safety, fires in substations can have severe consequences, disrupting power supply and causing significant financial and environmental damage. Key impacts include: 

Power disruptions: Fires can lead to power outages that disrupt power generation and supply to residential, commercial, and industrial operations, including manufacturing processes. Prolonged outages can halt critical systems, causing disruption, production delays and financial losses. 

Property damage: Intense heat and flames can severely damage infrastructure and electrical equipment. Repair and replacement costs can be substantial, often requiring extended downtime. 

Environmental impact: Transformer fires at substations may release insulating oil and other hazardous substances, contaminating soil and water. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), historically used in older transformers, pose additional environmental and health risks if released. 

Pre-incident planning 

Fire services should engage in pre-incident planning to enhance preparedness. This includes conducting site visits with utility providers to identify access procedures, specialist on-site or remote isolation procedures, and hazardous zones. Personnel should be trained in electrical safety, the use of Thermal Imaging Cameras (TICs), and specialised suppression tactics.  

Clear response procedures should be established, including a designated staging area for assembly before entry.

Gavin Parker

Fire services should also maintain up-to-date contact information for both business and after-hours emergencies with power companies to enable timely access and de-energisation of affected equipment. 

Utility and distribution companies play a crucial role in substation fire incidents. Firefighters should not enter an electrical substation unless accompanied by a representative from the power authority or distribution company. Entering a high-voltage area and commencing operations before confirmation of power isolation can be fatal. Maintaining direct communication with utility representatives is essential to receive real-time updates during the incident. 

Fire suppression tactics 

Substation fires require a strategic approach and dynamic risk assessment to minimise risks while effectively controlling the fire. 

Monitor burning from a safe distance: Burning electrical equipment will, in most cases, have to be replaced. Contact the power distribution authority and wait for them to arrive. Under no circumstances should firefighters enter a substation before power distribution company personnel arrive. 

Community warnings and isolation of the area: Issue community warnings/information for smoke and traffic restrictions. Liaise with police and local authorities for a traffic management plan. Keep unauthorized persons away. Consider smoke plume modelling if available to assist with planning and community warnings. 

Be alert to the risk of transformer explosions, smoke hazards and oil releases: Stay upwind and consider initial downwind evacuation and warnings.  

Defensive positioning: Firefighters should maintain a safe distance and use non-conductive materials and broken hose streams to de-energised equipment for suppression. 

Co-ordinated suppression plans: The fire service incident controller should liaise with site specialists such as a site Emergency Service Liaison Officer (ESLO or Emergency Service  Officer), Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) representatives and other stakeholders to formulate planning. 

Use of dry chemical agents: Class C extinguishing agents, such as dry powders or CO2, are preferred for energised electrical fires. 

Foam or water application: When transformers contain oil, foam or water may be used after confirmation of de-energisation. 

Cooling exposed equipment: Applying water in a fog (semi-fog) pattern from a safe distance can prevent adjacent equipment from overheating and fire spread. 

Monitor and manage contaminated water and oil runoff: Monitor for off-site release, utilise runoff management procedures such as bunding, containment, or direct it away from water catchments. 

Monitoring fire conditions to ensure extinguishment: Following suppression, the site may have to be monitored to ensure complete extinguishment; traditional overhaul procedures may not be possible, due to the nature of the site and risks. 

Once the fire is controlled, firefighters should monitor for re-ignition, as smouldering insulation or oil residues may reignite.  

Conclusion 

Substation fires demand a highly coordinated, safety-conscious approach. Fire services must emphasise pre-incident planning, specialised training, and collaboration with utility providers to ensure safe and effective incident resolution. 

Gavin Parker

The incident at Heathrow highlights how a single point of failure at a substation can have wide-reaching consequences beyond the immediate fireground. Effective response plans, developed in partnership with utility companies, are essential not only for firefighter safety but also for minimising disruption to critical infrastructure. 

This article was originally published in the May 2025 Edition of International Fire & Safety Journal. To read your FREE copy, click here. 

Prosol UK fire blanket passes new EV fire safety standard

by Featured NewsFire SuppressionProducts

Fire Cloak passes DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11 test in UK

Prosol UK has reported that its Fire Cloak EV fire limitation blanket has passed all requirements of the DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11 testing framework.

The company said the DIN standard was published in Germany in November 2024 and is the first regulated specification focused on fire blankets for electric vehicles.

According to Prosol UK, the certification confirms that Fire Cloak has met detailed requirements for loop strap design, flame resistance, strength testing, and thermal resistance up to 1,000°C.

The company stated that it has advocated for the creation of such a standard and welcomed the chance to test its product against the defined benchmarks.

DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11 standard requirements

Prosol UK explained that the DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11 introduces strict criteria for the design, performance and usability of fire blankets intended for EV incidents.

According to the company, requirements include clearly marked loop straps, mechanical stability testing, centreline identification, and performance validation at high temperatures.

The standard also requires fire blankets to be PFAS-free, include batch tracking and be usable on wet or dry vehicles by no more than two people within 30 seconds.

It stated that certification must include documented and visual evidence of all test outcomes and expert opinions confirming product suitability for EV use.

Fire Cloak tested in multiple fire resistance scenarios

The company noted that it had already conducted various third-party fire resistance tests prior to the DIN standard’s release.

Prosol UK listed several tests in which the Fire Cloak passed, including BS 476 Parts 6 and 7 (achieving Class 0), ASTM D6413, NFPA 701, and FMVSS 302.

It added that the Fire Cloak withstood 1,000°C for 90 minutes during an indicative furnace test based on BS476 Part 22 and achieved A2, s1, d0 under EN ISO 13501-1:2018.

Standard aims to improve safety in EV fire situations

According to Prosol UK, the purpose of DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11 is to provide assurance to responders, technicians and the public when dealing with lithium-ion battery incidents.

The company said that standardised testing helps build trust in product performance and improves the quality of emergency tools available on the market.

It also stated that it will continue to work with safety experts and regulators to share knowledge and improve safety outcomes in EV-related fire incidents.

Fire blanket passes DIN SPEC 91489 testing for EV fire safety: Summary

Prosol UK announced its Fire Cloak EV fire blanket has passed DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11.

The DIN standard is the first regulated test for EV fire blankets.

It includes strict requirements for strap placement, flame resistance, strength, and usability.

Fire Cloak met all criteria, including thermal resistance up to 1,000°C.

Tests include EN ISO 13501-1, FMVSS 302, and BS476 Part 22.

Prosol UK conducted additional third-party testing prior to certification.

DIN approval requires physical testing and documentation of all results.

The company stated it supports efforts to improve safety in lithium-ion battery fires.

DIN SPEC 91489:2024-11 was developed in Germany and released in November 2024.

Prosol UK confirmed it will continue engaging with regulators and industry experts.

Veolia introduces PFAS treatment solution in UK

by Breaking NewsFire SuppressionHealth and SafetySafetySustainability

UK ban prompts new AFFF treatment rollout

Veolia has launched a high-temperature PFAS treatment service to manage Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) fire suppressants before their use is banned in the UK in July 2025.

According to Veolia, the company expects up to 10,000 tonnes of stored PFAS-containing AFFF to require safe disposal. The treatment will be carried out at its Ellesmere Port High Temperature Incinerator (HTI), approved by the Environment Agency.

The new service forms part of Veolia’s global BeyondPFAS programme and aims to support producers and users in safely disposing of AFFF stocks held across sectors including petrochemical, aviation and emergency services.

High temperature incineration process approved by regulator

The HTI process will destroy PFAS materials using thermal treatment at 1100 degrees Celsius.

Veolia stated that the facility has been validated by the Environment Agency, which has also approved the associated monitoring and emissions testing procedures.

The company projects a treatment efficiency of 99.999% for AFFF and other PFAS-containing wastes. The site is equipped to manage items such as fire extinguishers, suppressants and a wide range of industrial materials.

Broader PFAS disposal capacity beyond fire safety

Beyond firefighting applications, Veolia confirmed the HTI facility can also accept PFAS materials from sectors including chemical manufacturing, building and construction, metal finishing, semiconductors, textiles and paper products.

The company noted that the treatment infrastructure is part of a wider hazardous waste service that includes collection, incineration, recycling and reuse.

According to Veolia, this network currently treats around 8 million tonnes of hazardous waste annually across over 300 sites globally.

Veolia’s UK service aligns with global PFAS strategy

Nicola Henshaw, Managing Director Hazardous at Veolia UK, said the rollout supports wider regulatory developments:

“The regulatory landscape surrounding PFAS is rapidly evolving, with increasing scrutiny and stricter controls being implemented globally.

“Veolia is committed to staying at the forefront of these developments and providing our clients with effective, safe and compliant solutions for managing PFAS contamination.

“Aligned with our GreenUp strategy which positions Veolia as a leader in decontamination, we are utilising our expertise and comprehensive range of technologies to enable us to address the complex challenges posed by PFAS and contribute to a cleaner, healthier environment.”

The company’s BeyondPFAS service offers detection, testing and disposal based on local laws and technical requirements.

Veolia stated this global service draws on more than 100 years of experience in hazardous waste and decontamination.

Veolia introduces PFAS treatment solution in UK: Summary

Veolia has launched a new PFAS treatment process at its Ellesmere Port facility.

The process is designed to treat AFFF fire suppressants before a UK ban takes effect in July 2025.

The Environment Agency has approved the high-temperature incineration method used.

Veolia estimates 10,000 tonnes of PFAS materials are stored at user and producer sites.

The system operates at 1100 degrees Celsius with 99.999% treatment efficiency.

The treatment is part of Veolia’s global BeyondPFAS programme.

The site also accepts PFAS waste from construction, chemicals, textiles and electronics.

Nicola Henshaw of Veolia UK said the service supports evolving global regulations.

The company currently handles 8 million tonnes of hazardous waste per year.

It operates more than 300 treatment facilities across five continents.

PFAS Alternatives Act reintroduced to support safer fire fighter gear

by Featured NewsFire SuppressionHealth and SafetyPPESafety

Lawmakers move to fund development of PFAS-free turnout gear

A bipartisan group in the United States Congress has reintroduced the PFAS Alternatives Act, legislation aimed at eliminating toxic chemicals from fire fighter protective clothing.

According to the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF), the bill was brought forward by Representatives Debbie Dingell and Sam Graves, and seeks to authorise $25 million for research into protective gear that does not contain per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

The IAFF said the bill would support the development of fire fighting gear that includes features such as visual alerts when cleaning is needed and adaptations to suit different body types.

IAFF highlights health concerns linked to PFAS exposure

The IAFF stated that exposure to PFAS in turnout gear is contributing to increased rates of cancer among fire fighters, citing that fire fighters are more than 14 percent more likely to die from certain cancers than the wider population.

IAFF General President Edward Kelly said: “The science is clear. Exposure to toxic PFAS chemicals is driving alarming rates of cancer in the fire service.”

He added: “The PFAS Alternatives Act is critical legislation that will help introduce next-generation, PFAS-free gear to better protect fire fighters and ensure we have a voice in developing the very products we rely on for safety.”

He continued: “The IAFF is grateful to Rep. Dingell and Rep. Graves for championing this legislation.”

Political backing for occupational safety reform

The IAFF reported that alongside Representatives Dingell and Graves, the bill has the support of lawmakers including Representatives Glenn Ivy, Brian Fitzpatrick, Dina Titus, Tom Kean Jr., Suzanne Bonamici, and Glenn “GT” Thompson.

Dingell said: “Fire fighters’ jobs are already dangerous enough without worrying about the long-term health risks of being exposed to dangerous PFAS in their turnout gear.”

She added: “The PFAS Alternatives Act will remove this unnecessary occupational hazard and help protect fire fighters as they work every day to protect us.”

Graves added: “America’s fire fighters charge into danger to save the lives of others. This bipartisan legislation will help develop the next-generation of firefighting gear to keep them safe.”

Federal support would extend beyond local efforts

The IAFF noted that while some U.S. states and cities have already moved to phase out PFAS in turnout gear, federal support is needed to scale research and ensure widespread availability of alternatives.

It explained that the PFAS Alternatives Act would provide funding through the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) to back collaboration between scientists and fire fighters on gear development.

According to the IAFF, the gear would be designed to be safer, more adaptable, and to include new safety indicators.

PFAS Alternatives Act reintroduced to support safer fire fighter gear: Summary

A bipartisan group in the U.S. House has reintroduced the PFAS Alternatives Act.

The legislation is supported by the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF).

The bill was introduced by Representatives Debbie Dingell and Sam Graves.

It proposes $25 million in funding through the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH).

The funding would support development of turnout gear free from PFAS chemicals.

The IAFF stated that PFAS exposure is contributing to increased cancer rates in the fire service.

Turnout gear has historically included PFAS due to its heat-resistant properties.

The IAFF said the new gear would include cleaning indicators and gender-based fit adjustments.

The bill has also received support from Representatives Ivy, Fitzpatrick, Titus, Kean Jr., Bonamici and Thompson.

Some cities and states have already taken action on PFAS but federal backing is seen as necessary for broader change.

Britannia Fire discusses extinguisher innovation at IFSJ Leaders 2025

by Featured NewsFire Suppression

UK manufacturer sets out environmental aims for fire extinguisher production

The IFSJ Leaders in Fire & Safety Conference has reported that Britannia Fire Joint Managing Director Andy Spence delivered a presentation on extinguisher innovation and regulation at the 2025 event in Dubai.

Spence said the fire industry must support new ideas that meet environmental and customer expectations.

He noted: “Innovation needs to be encouraged and new ideas explored and developed in all industries.”

Spence explained that Britannia Fire had transitioned fully to composite extinguisher production and is aiming to move away from traditional servicing models.

He said the company is using AI, sensor technology, and new agent types in its upcoming range.

Fire extinguisher design changes linked to circular economy goals

Spence told the audience that production methods must reflect the full life cycle of fire safety products.

He said: “Companies need to look at where improvements can be made to benefit the customer, the industry and the environment.”

He added: “If we can develop it, we can test it and we can ensure that it works then it’s a win-win for everybody.”

Spence said composite extinguishers can meet safety requirements while reducing carbon output, minimising servicing needs and extending lifespan.

He stated: “We have a 20 year lifespan PAS free reduction in carbon footprint, recyclable and it’s better for the environment.”

Industry regulation identified as key obstacle to change

Spence raised concern about the pace of regulation, particularly around British and European extinguisher standards.

He said: “We stifle innovation by not moving faster.”

He added: “It used to take five years to write a standard. It still takes five years. But it was five years 30 years ago.”

He noted that updates in communication and testing allow for faster revisions.

He said: “We’ve got email now. Somebody needs to tell them. It’s so easy. We can move a lot quicker.”

Local sourcing and PFAS-free materials highlighted in UK market

Spence reported that over 75 percent of extinguishers sold in the UK are imported from China, despite high transport distances and associated emissions.

He stated: “They travel 4,000 miles to the UK before we actually put them onto a wall.”

He added that composite extinguishers can be made in the UK using local materials and processes that reduce dependency on chemical treatments.

He said: “We have a full PAS free range of products as well.”

He also discussed fire agent options for lithium-ion battery incidents and outlined a new development for small-scale battery devices.

Britannia Fire outlines composite extinguisher approach at Dubai event: Summary

The IFSJ Leaders in Fire & Safety Conference reported that Andy Spence spoke on behalf of Britannia Fire at the 2025 event.

He presented on changes in fire extinguisher manufacturing and servicing approaches.

Spence said composite materials now replace steel in Britannia Fire’s extinguishers.

He explained that the company’s P50 range uses less energy and lasts up to 20 years.

He reported that many extinguishers used in the UK are imported from China.

Spence said the company aims to use local sourcing and PFAS-free agents.

He stated that battery-ready units using AVD are now in development.

Spence raised concerns about regulation timelines within BSI and Europe.

He said the pace of standards development has not kept up with technological change.

He added that innovation must be supported to meet customer and environmental targets.

The presentation formed part of Britannia Fire’s Platinum Partner participation at the event.

Watch the presentation:

Reacton and the shift from awareness to action in regional fire protection

by Breaking NewsFire Suppression

Reacton Fire Suppression discusses growing safety expectations in the Middle East and how stronger regulations are reshaping system design, testing and certification

Industrial capacity in the UAE and other parts of the Middle East has increased consistently over the past decade.

Projects in oil and gas, manufacturing, renewable energy and large-scale transportation have expanded.

As these operations widen their scope, the region faces a growing demand for reliable, certified fire suppression systems that fit local operational and environmental conditions.

At Reacton, we’ve observed a heightened focus on fire safety—particularly regarding regulation and education.

Progressive awareness and the role of standards

From our viewpoint, awareness of fire suppression in the Middle East has been strong for some time, especially in the UAE, which has taken steps to adopt new fire protection technologies.

This is partly due to the rapid growth of industrial sites and the recognised need for solutions that remain effective in harsh operating environments.

One noticeable change in recent years has been the improved understanding that not every suppression system delivers the same outcome.

As a result, there has been a shift toward options proven to handle extreme conditions and that match stringent performance benchmarks.

We welcome the increasing emphasis on regulation and testing.

Clear standards serve as a baseline, drive out products that fail to meet minimum requirements and give end users dependable ways to gauge quality.

At Reacton, we’ve noticed far more interest in systems that comply with local regulations and also hold global certification supported by independent validation.

Tackling misconceptions and challenges

Despite these developments, we still see misunderstandings that make it harder to implement advanced suppression systems.

A common belief is that well-designed fire suppression solutions are prohibitively costly or overly complex to maintain.

In reality, the potential loss from a fire incident—especially for industrial, commercial, or transport activities—can vastly exceed the upfront costs of a reliable system.

Some organisations still hesitate, influenced by budget worries or by a lack of technical understanding about how different systems compare.

Regulation as a driver of progress

Stronger regulatory structures have shifted the conversation.

Governments across the Middle East have instituted rigorous standards for fire safety and put in place enforcement policies to keep manufacturers and operators accountable.

Through scheduled audits and adherence checks, these steps protect public infrastructure and private investments alike.

A strong example is the UAE.S 5041 standard, which mandates that bus and coach fire suppression systems must satisfy strict requirements, including mechanical resilience and secure installation.

This mandate confirms that products do more than merely pass a controlled fire test—they must also survive vibration and wear in real-world conditions.

Systems that show success in fire scenarios yet fail other tests do not qualify, illustrating why thorough evaluation is so important.

We see these measures as positive for overall safety outcomes and for raising industry standards.

At Reacton, we back regulatory policies that encourage better decision-making and bolster trust in the fire suppression market.

The value of education and transparency

Education plays an important role.

Operators, regulators and end users benefit from clear, accessible insights into how systems are tested, certified and maintained.

This is why we focus on transparent documentation and direct explanations.

We often share video evidence of vibration assessments and actual fire scenarios.

By showing how our systems are tested, we reduce uncertainty and build credibility.

Our goal is not to dictate which product someone should purchase, but to offer the factual details needed to make a more informed choice.

Identifying growth sectors and unmet needs

As industrial activities diversify, we see clear openings in areas still not protected by suitable suppression systems.

Battery energy storage, electric vehicles and public transport fleets present some of the highest-priority needs in the Middle East and beyond.

Each of these sectors faces unique fire risks yet can lack standardized guidelines or proven third-party testing protocols to ensure reliable coverage.

Reacton has taken steps to develop both new technology and the supporting testing standards.

However, one remaining obstacle is the shortage of accredited laboratories that can conduct reliable, consistent and realistic evaluations for newer fire threats.

It appears that the industry as a whole needs to catch up with evolving technologies by providing the right resources and facilities to assess next-generation risks with greater precision.

This article was originally published in the May 2025 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal – to read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Fireaway Inc’s UltraSense fire detection and suppression solution launches in United States

by Featured NewsFire DetectionFire SuppressionProducts

Fireaway introduces integrated detection with Stat-X system at US trade shows

Fireaway Inc. has announced the launch of UltraSense sensors, a new detection solution designed to work alongside its Stat-X aerosol fire suppression system.

According to the company, the UltraSense product line will be introduced at CLEANPOWER 2025 in Phoenix and demonstrated again during NFPA 2025 in Las Vegas.

The UltraSense sensors are designed to detect early-stage thermal and environmental changes.

Fireaway stated that integrating these sensors with the Stat-X system provides a combined response for faster and more accurate mitigation of fire hazards.

The product is intended for sectors including energy storage, transport, manufacturing and infrastructure.

UltraSense system to support hazard monitoring across US industries

The manufacturer explained that UltraSense enables earlier identification of potential hazards, helping reduce delays in fire suppression.

The company noted that combining detection and suppression within one framework allows a more proactive response, especially in mission-critical environments.

Fireaway reported that the system is suitable for use in high-risk areas where rapid incident response is essential.

The UltraSense launch coincides with Fireaway’s 20th year in operation.

Fireaway CEO highlights anniversary and product integration

Lance Harry, P.E., president and CEO of Fireaway Inc., said: “UltraSense sensors represent the next evolution of critical asset protection and fire safety.

“By combining intelligent detection with our proven Stat-X aerosol fire suppression, we’re delivering a smarter, faster, and more comprehensive solution to protect high-value assets and operations.

“Launching UltraSense during our 20th anniversary highlights our continued focus on innovation, reliability, and meeting the real-world needs of our customers.”

Stat-X technology forms foundation for UltraSense integration

Fireaway stated that its Stat-X product range is already in use globally, known for its environmentally safe aerosol-based fire suppression.

The company added that pairing the UltraSense sensors with Stat-X brings additional intelligence to existing setups.

According to Fireaway, this dual approach can help reduce risk in settings with limited access or where immediate suppression is required.

The manufacturer confirmed that live demonstrations of the new system will take place at upcoming trade events.

Stat-X fire detection and suppression solution launches in United States: Summary

Fireaway Inc. has launched UltraSense sensors to complement its Stat-X suppression system.

The UltraSense line will be showcased at CLEANPOWER 2025 in Phoenix and NFPA 2025 in Las Vegas.

The system detects early-stage thermal and environmental changes.

It is designed for use in sectors such as energy storage and critical infrastructure.

Fireaway marked the release during its 20th anniversary year.

The company said combining UltraSense and Stat-X improves detection and suppression speed.

Lance Harry, P.E., described the new system as a smarter and more complete solution.

Stat-X systems are known for their environmentally responsible aerosol fire suppression.

Fireaway stated that UltraSense adds intelligence and shortens response time.

Live demonstrations will be held at Fireaway’s CLEANPOWER and NFPA 2025 booths.

Meeting UAE.S 5041: Reacton’s role in bus fire protection

by Breaking NewsFire SuppressionIFSJ ExclusivesMiddle East - Breaking News

Reacton Fire Suppression’s Ed Chivers, Global Product & Certification Director, shares how updated UAE rules are reshaping school bus safety and demanding certified suppression systems

Buses in the UAE face a range of fire risks primarily linked to engine overheating, electrical faults and mechanical failures.

High ambient temperatures, long-distance travel and heavy passenger loads place additional strain on vehicle components, especially in diesel-fueled engines.

These conditions can cause fluid leaks, short circuits, or friction-related heat build-up in engine compartments, all of which increase the likelihood of fire.

The confined layout of buses also means that fires can spread quickly, putting passengers at immediate risk and making safe evacuation difficult if detection and suppression systems are not in place.

With new school bus fire safety laws coming into effect across the UAE, the focus on onboard fire suppression systems has never been more timely.

Reacton Fire Suppression, a manufacturer known for its automatic fire suppression technology, is already playing a key role in this shift.

The company’s work across the Middle East has expanded in recent years, following its national and global certifications along with various Civil Defence approvals and ongoing initiatives in high-risk vehicle sectors.

In this discussion, Ed Chivers, Global Product & Certification Director at Reacton Fire Suppression explains the company’s approach to fire suppression, what the new UAE regulations mean for public safety and how Reacton is addressing challenges across varied applications in this transport arena.

The UAE is introducing new regulations for fire suppression on school buses — what exactly is changing?

The UAE.S 5041:2021 standard mandates the installation and testing of fire suppression systems in the engine compartments of buses and coaches, ensuring compliance with rigorous fire safety requirements.

It mandates the installation of automatic fire suppression systems in the engine compartments of diesel-fuelled buses carrying more than 22 passengers, including the driver.

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This standard was developed by the Emirates Authority for Standardisation and Metrology (ESMA) and the Ministry of Industry and Advanced Technology (MOIAT).

It integrates various fire tests, component assessments and detection requirements into a comprehensive approval process.

The Emirates Safety Laboratory (ESL) is currently the only recognized body in the region authorized to conduct testing and certification according to UAE.S 5041:2021.

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The implementation of UAE.S 5041:2021 addresses the significant concern of bus fires in the UAE, which have been attributed to factors such as mechanical failures, electrical malfunctions and engine overheating.

By ensuring the installation of certified fire suppression systems, the standard aims to provide passengers with valuable time to evacuate safely and prevent fires from escalating.

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Reacton Fire Suppression has achieved UAE.S 5041:2021 certification for our fire suppression systems, demonstrating compliance with the stringent safety and quality standards set forth in the UAE.

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Why do you think these changes are being brought in now and how will they help improve safety for school children?

There is vast research into the dangers and issues surrounding bus and coach fires from various institutes, research foundations and associations across the world, I don’t think the risk needs any justification or is in question it is just what a comprehensive testing method and robust system looks like.

There have been regulations in place for the contracting parties of the UNECE for some time now but the UAE has taken a stronger stance and made this mandatory.

Having a fire suppression system that meets the UAE.S 5041 standard provides operators and passengers early notification to maximise egress time, it will also provide correct application of a fire suppression system that has been tested for that exact environment.

 This means the fire is tackled and protects the precious passengers on board.

How is Reacton involved in helping operators in the UAE meet these new legal requirements?

Reacton has taken proactive steps to assist operators in the UAE in complying with the UAE.S 5041:2021 standard, which mandates fire suppression systems in school buses.

The company achieved the world’s first Emirates Safety Laboratory (ESL) UAE.S 5041:2021 certification for its fire suppression systems, ensuring adherence to the stringent requirements set by UAE authorities.

This certification underscores Reacton’s commitment to safety and compliance in the region.

We have worked very closely with the authorities to ensure that our offering has a comprehensive and effective solution that can be applied in the real world.

With easy to follow and understand guidance such as our industry leading technical manuals, clear communication on Risk Assessments, checklists, installation certificates and maintenance checklists.

What challenges are there in installing fire suppression systems in tightly-packed vehicles like school buses?

Installing fire suppression systems in compact vehicles such as school buses presents challenges like limited space, complex engine layouts and the need to protect multiple potential fire sources.

Reacton addresses these by offering compact, high-performance systems designed for confined spaces.

Their systems use dry powder agents for rapid fire suppression and are engineered to detect and extinguish fires swiftly, minimizing risk to passengers and vehicle damage.

We pride ourselves on engineering the highest quality components, extinguishing agents and technology to provide big fire suppression performance from the smallest systems on the market.

How does Reacton ensure its systems perform reliably in extreme conditions found in the Middle East?

Reacton’s fire suppression systems undergo rigorous testing to ensure reliability under harsh conditions, including extreme heat and dust prevalent in the Middle East.

The systems are certified to UAE.S 5041 which means they have had to go through the tough mechanical tests to prove they can operate when they are called upon.

However, in addition to this the same technology has also gone through stringent standards such as P-Mark SPCR 183, SPCR 199 and AS 5062 which involve comprehensive fire, vibration, corrosion and temperature cycling tests.

This ensures the systems’ durability and effectiveness in challenging environments.

Can you talk about how your solutions are used outside of buses?

Beyond buses, Reacton’s fire suppression systems are employed in various heavy equipment applications, including construction, mining and waste management vehicles.

These systems are designed to protect machinery operating in high-risk environments, such as heavy-duty excavators, landfill waste compactors and mining equipment.

The systems can utilise Dry Powder, Wet Chemical or dual-agent configurations, combining dry powder and wet chemical agents for effective fire suppression and prevention of re-ignition.

How do you work with partners or local distributors in the region to deliver and maintain these systems?

Reacton collaborates with regional partners and local distributors to deliver and maintain its fire suppression systems.

For instance, in the UAE, Reacton partnered with Tabra Trading to retrofit over 2,300 school buses with fire suppression systems.

This collaboration ensures that systems are installed and maintained by trained professionals familiar with local regulations and conditions.

We have worked very closely with Tabra to ensure our UAE.S 5041 product offering is fully compliant to the MOIAT requirements that go much deeper than just passing the fire tests and mechanical testing, there are audits on the installation locations, Factory Production Control and much more.

What kind of support do operators and maintenance teams need to keep these systems working properly?

Proper training and support are crucial for the effective operation and maintenance of fire suppression systems.

Reacton provides comprehensive training courses covering system design, equipment selection, agent application, installation and maintenance.

These courses are designed to educate engineers and key personnel in the fire suppression industry, ensuring systems are correctly maintained and function as intended.

These are controlled with training certificates and are always in close communication with our partners to ensure they have all the necessary tools and knowledge to provide accurate and compliant installations.

Are there any new products or developments Reacton is working on?

Reacton continually invests in research and development to enhance its product offerings.

While specific upcoming products may not be publicly disclosed, the company’s recent certifications, such as the UL 2166 for Indirect (ILP) Technology and the world’s first UL 2166 Direct (DLP) technology have already gained Dubai Civil Defence approval.

In addition to this the SASO 2946:2020 Certificate for fire suppression systems indicate ongoing efforts to develop solutions tailored to regional requirements.

Do you see fire suppression becoming a more standard requirement across different sectors in the Middle East?

The Middle East is experiencing a shift towards stricter fire safety regulations across various sectors.

This is all testament to this new mandatory requirement for bus & coach fire suppression, we will quickly see other GCC member states following on.

As awareness of fire risks grows and regulations become more stringent, the adoption of fire suppression systems is expected to become standard practice across multiple industries in the region.

This article was originally published in the May 2025 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal – to read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Heat risk meets hard science: How the DesirMED Project is redefining wildfire defence in southern Europe

by Breaking NewsFire SuppressionWildland Fire

Ferran Dalmau–Rovira, Director of Medi XXI GSA, explains how the DesirMED Project is applying science and nature to tackle extreme wildfire events in the Mediterranean

As wildfires grow more frequent and severe due to climate change, regions like the Mediterranean are becoming increasingly exposed to large-scale disasters.

Could initiatives underway in Europe help prevent catastrophes such as the Los Angeles fires? The DesirMED Project, funded through the Horizon Europe Programme, is one attempt to answer that question.

Among its European partners is Medi XXI GSA, a micro-SME environmental engineering firm based in Spain.

Led by Director Ferran Dalmau–Rovira, the team contributes to the project’s efforts to improve wildfire resilience through Nature-based Solutions, new technologies, and better local governance.

DesirMED brings together experts from ten countries to develop practical climate adaptation strategies.

In this interview, Ferran Dalmau–Rovira explains how DesirMED approaches wildfire prevention and shares insights into what Mediterranean communities—and potentially others—can do to strengthen their defences.

What led to the creation of the DesirMED project and your involvement?

The Mediterranean is among the most climate-vulnerable and economically challenged European regions.

Diverse environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural characteristics increase exposure to environmental hazards, while adaptation policies are slow and uneven.

Though national strategies exist, gaps in funding, data, and monitoring delay implementation.

Europe’s Nature-based Solutions (NbS) approach lacks large-scale adoption, especially in southern areas.

DesirMED was formed to help eight Mediterranean regions lead long-term climate adaptation with transformative solutions.

Medi XXI GSA, with two decades of wildfire mitigation experience, joined via an invitation from the Generalitat Valenciana.

We saw this as an opportunity to apply our forestry engineering expertise to reduce wildfire risk and build climate adaptation capacity.

Climate change is a scientific fact.

Human activity, urban disconnect from nature, and unsustainable development have worsened wildfire conditions and EWE (Extreme Wildfire Events).

How does your sensor data support DesirMED’s strategies?

In our GUARDIAN project—now forming part of DesirMED—hundreds of meteorological and soil sensors collect data every five minutes.

These sensors inform our use of prescribed irrigation, grazing, and other tools to manage vegetation and reduce wildfire risks.

The water used comes from urban wastewater systems.

The data supports precise climate modelling, essential for customising regional responses.

It helps simulate wildfire and drought conditions under different scenarios, enabling targeted action plans.

High-resolution data ensures interventions are science-based, reducing reliance on ineffective tools like household sprinklers.

What are Nature-based Solutions, and how is DesirMED applying them?

According to IUCN, Nature-based Solutions involve restoring or managing ecosystems to address climate and societal challenges while benefiting biodiversity and people.

They can include urban green infrastructure, wetland restoration, or, as in our case, green firebreaks using low-combustibility plants.

DesirMED is testing various NbS for hazards like wildfire and drought, measuring effectiveness across environmental, social, and technical criteria.

Our prescribed irrigation mimics rainfall to maintain vegetation.

Prescribed burning simulates natural fire cycles.

Grazing controls undergrowth.

These methods are inexpensive to maintain and align with natural systems.

In our GUARDIAN analysis, a €5.5 million investment in infrastructure yielded societal returns of €31 million.

Why is the Mediterranean particularly susceptible to wildfire risks?

The region is warming 20% faster than the global average, with increased heatwaves, droughts, and variable rainfall.

It also experiences compound events—like droughts followed by flash floods—that intensify disaster risks.

Wildfires are amplified by dry vegetation, urban sprawl, and reduced ecosystem management.

Events like the 2024 Los Angeles wildfires reflect similar patterns.

DesirMED promotes peer-to-peer exchanges, tailored data models, and regional empowerment to address these escalating challenges through better infrastructure, planning, and behavioural change.

How does international collaboration benefit DesirMED’s mission?

DesirMED unites 33 organisations from 10 countries—regional governments, research institutions, NGOs, insurers, and SMEs.

This diversity ensures science, governance, engineering, finance, and communication are all represented.

SMEs like Medi XXI GSA contribute technical expertise, while regional authorities bring local knowledge.

Collaboration strengthens the scaling of site-specific solutions across Europe.

What do “Demonstrating” and “Replicating” regions mean in DesirMED?

Eight Mediterranean regions are split into two categories.

Demonstrating Regions have advanced adaptation plans and are ready to test innovative solutions.

Replicating Regions are earlier in their adaptation journey and will adopt proven practices from their counterparts.

Each region addresses a specific climate hazard.

In Valencia, our focus is wildfires.

We’re enhancing predictive wildfire models and implementing green firebreaks in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) zones using treated urban wastewater.

Why aren’t sprinklers enough for wildfire protection?

Sprinklers alone do not address wildfire complexity.

They may reduce ember impacts but don’t manage fuel loads or ensure strategic defence.

Our approach uses green firebreaks, prescribed irrigation, and integrated planning, including community training and pyrogardening.

This approach also strengthens ecosystems, reduces temperatures, supports native species, and improves water retention.

Using reclaimed water creates a circular water system that supports fire defence during droughts.

We simulate fire scenarios using software that calculates fire intensity thresholds, helping communities prepare in advance.

How does DesirMED tackle wildfire defence across different levels?

DesirMED applies a multi-layered approach.

Individually, WUI residents must maintain fire-safe gardens and understand self-protection.

Municipally, regulations must be enforced, and water treatment facilities maintained.

At the landscape level, firebreak maintenance can involve grazing, prescribed burns, or silviculture.

This systemic management ensures long-term fire preparedness.

How does DesirMED share lessons and strategies among regions?

It is extremely important to ensure an adequate cross-learning among regions to accelerate their transformation.

To effectively do so, an exchange and engagement programme is foreseen in the project where peer-to-peer virtual and in-person workshops and visits between regions will be carried out to foster cross-pollination of ideas, innovations, and best practices between.

As an example, regions meet virtually on a monthly basis to discuss about their progress and resolve main challenges.

Additionally, “Regional Adaptation Days” meetings are held annually with the exclusive goal of promoting this peer-to-peer exchange by organising capacity building activities.

Finally, once the project is more advanced, documentation will be developed where beset practices, lessons learned and scaling-out tips from solution portfolio implementation will be shared to ensure the efficient scalability and transferability from Demonstrating to Replicating regions.

What challenges and opportunities exist in scaling DesirMED solutions?

Scaling depends on changing both public attitudes and policymaker habits. Many still favour traditional, reactive approaches.

DesirMED promotes local ownership, inclusive governance, and flexible adaptation to different regional contexts.

These strategies can also apply in areas like California that face similar hazards.

The most dramatic thing that can happen to us is to learn nothing from what is happening.

A wise American (William Deming) said that without data, we are just another person with an opinion.

In our view, based on more than 20 years of experience and scientific evidence, on data, lots of data, the human species (and I am talking on a species scale) has nothing more important to do than to face the disaster we have caused.

Especially for our daughters and sons. And we need to articulate social majorities.

And people of science, technicians, must understand that being right is not enough. We need to convince. Not to conquer.

The Inquisition provoked with its power that Galileo Galilei or Copernicus had to deny what they knew.

The sun did not revolve around the earth. It was the other way around. But if they didn’t deny it, they were going to be killed…

they were right, but the power based on religion and beliefs condemned them.

We must learn from what happened to them, and work to make people understand the problem.

We can all be part of the solution, or part of the problem.

Perhaps the most important question is: Which do we prefer? When we are judged by the generations to come, we have a clear defense.

We try with all our heart, soul and all the little or much knowledge of years of study and practice, despite those who chose inaction or denial.

It is clear to me that I will tell them. What will you tell them?

This article was originally published in the May 2025 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal – to read your FREE digital copy, click here.

Water mist installations increase across Norway in 2024

by Featured NewsFire SuppressionResearch

Shift in Norwegian fire systems reported in new figures

The International Water Mist Association (IWMA) has reported that Norway saw a 16.4% increase in water mist nozzle installations in 2024, as the use of traditional sprinkler systems declined by 17.1%.

The data was published by the Norwegian Fire Industry Association (Brannteknisk Forening – BTF) and covers the twenty-year period from 2004 to 2024.

The report shows that 43,010 water mist nozzles were sold across the country last year, with residential installations accounting for 74% of that figure.

By comparison, the total number of sprinkler heads sold fell to 657,068 in 2024. This included a 34.1% decline in residential sprinkler units and an 11.9% drop in conventional systems.

Residential water mist systems see highest growth

The Norwegian Fire Industry Association reported that residential applications were the primary driver of growth in water mist usage.

According to the organisation, 31,865 water mist nozzles were installed in homes in 2024, an increase of 6,010 units or 23.2% compared to the previous year.

This represents more than double the number of residential nozzles recorded in 2020.

Sales of conventional water mist systems remained steady, rising by just 63 units to 11,145 in total, a change of 0.6%.

The data has been collected annually from industry suppliers and is categorised by system type and application.

Sprinkler sales decline across both categories

The BTF report showed that total sprinkler head sales fell by 135,518 units in 2024.

Residential sprinkler sales dropped from 184,645 units in 2023 to 121,657 in 2024, while conventional systems decreased from 607,941 to 535,411 units over the same period.

This marks the first year since 2019 in which both residential and conventional sprinkler installations fell concurrently.

According to the association, conventional systems accounted for 81% of all sprinkler installations in 2024, with residential units making up the remaining 19%.

Water mist now represents 6.1% of all nozzles sold

The combined total of sprinkler and water mist nozzles sold in Norway in 2024 was 700,078 units.

The Norwegian Fire Industry Association stated that water mist now accounts for 6.1% of all water-based fire protection nozzles sold nationally. This compares to just over 5% in 2023 and less than 1% when the data series began in 2013.

While sprinklers still dominate the overall market, the report noted a clear year-on-year increase in water mist’s market share. Water mist installations have grown by nearly 200% over the past decade.

The association credited continued supplier reporting as critical to maintaining an accurate overview of national sales figures.

Water mist installations increase across Norway in 2024: Summary

The International Water Mist Association reported that Norway recorded a 16.4% rise in water mist nozzle installations in 2024.

Data from the Norwegian Fire Industry Association showed 43,010 water mist nozzles were sold in total.

Of those, 31,865 were installed in residential properties.

This marked a 23.2% increase in residential water mist installations from the previous year.

Conventional water mist sales increased by 0.6% to 11,145 units.

Sprinkler head sales dropped to 657,068 units in 2024.

Residential sprinkler sales fell by 34.1%, down to 121,657 units.

Conventional sprinkler sales declined by 11.9% to 535,411 units.

Overall sprinkler installations dropped by 17.1%.

Water mist nozzles accounted for 6.1% of all water-based systems sold.

Sprinkler heads made up the remaining 93.9% of the total.

Combined, sprinkler and water mist nozzle sales reached 700,078 units.