EU shipowners must upgrade firefighting suits to Level 2 by June 2025

by Featured NewsPorts & MaritimePPETransport

Regulatory changes require new firefighting suit standards

Shipowners and operators of EU-flagged vessels must ensure that all new firefighting suits meet enhanced protection standards by June 2025, according to VIKING Life-Saving Equipment.

The updated Marine Equipment Directive (MED) regulations (EU) 2024/1975 mandate that new firefighting suits comply with ‘Level 2’ standards, which provide enhanced protection against heat, water penetration, and breathability.

These requirements build on rules introduced in August 2024, which already require suits to be tested to EN469:2020 standards.

Existing ‘Level 1’ firefighting suits may remain in use until they are no longer fit for service.

However, once replaced, they must meet the Level 2 standard.

Enhanced protection requirements for firefighting suits

The Level 2 classification introduces additional safety measures designed for high-risk firefighting scenarios.

These include improved resistance to radiant and convective heat (X2), enhanced water penetration protection (Y2), and increased breathability (Z2).

The Y2 classification has been introduced to address rising concerns over electrical fires and high-volume water use in enclosed spaces.

Firefighting suits with Y2 protection include an extra moisture barrier to guard against steam burns and chemical exposure.

“There has been widespread acknowledgement that seafarers need more protection, including from electric vehicle and battery fires, and in enclosed spaces,” said Charlotte Nielsen, Product Manager PPE at VIKING Life-Saving Equipment.

Compliance checks advised for shipowners

To avoid potential issues with Port State Control inspections, shipowners should confirm that all new firefighting suits meet the Level 2 requirements at the time of purchase.

VIKING recommends fleet managers conduct risk assessments on their firefighting gear and update each vessel’s Safety Management System (SMS) to reflect the new standards.

“We recommend customers conduct risk assessments on the condition and certification of suits and update each vessel’s Safety Management System (SMS),” Nielsen added.

International impact of EU firefighting regulations

VIKING has been supplying Level 2 marine firefighting suits since 2016, with its existing models already meeting X2 and Z2 requirements.

With the new MED regulations coming into force, the company expects more non-EU countries to adopt similar standards.

The UK has already updated its legislation to reflect Y2 requirements.

VIKING has reported increased demand for its YouSafe Torch firefighting suit, which meets the Level 2 EN469:2020 standard.

“As a one-stop shop for marine life-saving equipment, we respond well ahead of the regulators, with a strong lead provided by the products we develop for land-based firefighting professionals,” Nielsen said.

EU shipowners must upgrade firefighting suits to Level 2 by June 2025: Summary

Shipowners operating EU-flagged vessels must ensure that all new firefighting suits meet Level 2 protection standards by June 2025, as required by MED regulations (EU) 2024/1975.

The updated rules introduce enhanced safety measures, including improved heat resistance (X2), water penetration protection (Y2), and breathability (Z2).

Existing Level 1 suits may remain in service but must be replaced with Level 2 models when no longer fit for use.

VIKING Life-Saving Equipment advises fleet managers to conduct risk assessments and update their vessel’s Safety Management System (SMS) to ensure compliance.

The company expects more non-EU countries to follow the EU’s regulatory changes, with the UK already incorporating Y2 requirements into its legislation.

How FLIR thermal imaging helps prevent downtime in data centres

by Featured NewsFire DetectionIndustrialThermal Imaging

Thermal imaging aids data centre operations

FLIR has reported on the role of thermal imaging in maintaining data centres.

With the expansion of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data, data centres are increasing in scale and complexity.

Preventing downtime is essential, as failures can result in financial losses and reputational damage.

Thermal imaging technology helps identify potential problems in power distribution, cooling systems, and electrical components before they lead to failures.

Maintenance teams use FLIR thermal imaging cameras to detect overheating, overloaded circuits, and mechanical faults.

The technology allows inspections to be conducted without shutting down equipment, reducing operational disruption.

Applications in electrical and cooling systems

Thermal imaging is widely used to inspect electrical infrastructure in data centres.

FLIR states that overheating in electrical systems can indicate loose connections, load imbalances, or failing components.

Detecting these issues early can prevent unplanned outages. Cooling systems also benefit from thermal imaging inspections.

Many data centres use a hot aisle/cold aisle cooling layout. FLIR thermal cameras assist in monitoring airflow efficiency, identifying misaligned ductwork, and detecting cooling failures that could lead to overheating.

Enhancing security and fire prevention

In addition to maintenance applications, thermal imaging is used for security and fire prevention.

FLIR reports that fixed thermal cameras can detect temperature anomalies before they lead to equipment failure or fire.

Early detection reduces the risk of asset damage and operational disruptions. Thermal imaging is also used for perimeter security.

Unlike standard video cameras, thermal cameras operate in low-visibility conditions such as fog, smoke, or darkness.

Integrated with analytics, these cameras can distinguish between humans and vehicles, reducing false alarms.

Thermal imaging supports renewable energy integration

Data centres are increasing their use of renewable energy, including solar and wind power.

According to FLIR, thermal imaging helps inspect solar panels for defects and assess wind turbine components for wear.

This technology supports efficiency and maintenance efforts in renewable energy integration.

How FLIR thermal imaging helps prevent downtime in data centres: Summary

FLIR has reported on the role of thermal imaging in data centre maintenance.

The technology is used to inspect electrical systems, cooling infrastructure, fire prevention systems, and security operations.

Thermal cameras help detect overheating, faulty circuits, and equipment failures before they cause downtime.

FLIR states that thermal imaging can be used for predictive maintenance without interrupting data centre operations.

The technology also supports security applications by monitoring perimeters and detecting threats in low-visibility conditions.

Additionally, thermal imaging is used to inspect solar panels and wind turbines as data centres integrate renewable energy sources.

10 Most Common Combustible Materials

by Building ManagementConstructionConstructionHealth and SafetyIndustrialWarehouseWaste & Recycling

Combustible materials are an essential part of daily life, present in homes, workplaces, and industrial settings. 

From everyday items like paper and cloth to industrial fuels like diesel and kerosene, combustible materials are both useful and hazardous.

Understanding the nature of these materials is crucial for maintaining safety and preventing accidents. 

Knowing how and why they ignite, the risks they pose, and the precautions needed to handle them can help reduce the chances of dangerous situations. 

In this article, we’ll delve into the most common combustible materials and discuss their characteristics, risks, and practical safety measures. 

By the end, you’ll have a clear understanding of how to use and store these materials responsibly, ensuring a safer environment for everyone.

What are Combustible Materials?

what are combustible materials

Combustible materials are substances that can catch fire and burn when exposed to sufficient heat, oxygen, or an ignition source. 

Combustible materials are often used in everyday life, from cooking and heating to construction and manufacturing. 

However, their potential to burn poses safety risks if not handled correctly. 

Proper storage, ventilation, and adherence to safety guidelines are essential to prevent accidents and ensure that combustible materials are used responsibly in homes and workplaces.

How Dangerous are Combustible Materials?

Combustible materials can pose significant risks if not handled or stored properly. 

These substances can catch fire when exposed to heat, sparks, or open flames, leading to potentially devastating consequences. 

Fires fueled by combustibles can spread rapidly, causing property damage, injuries, or loss of life. 

Additionally, improper storage or disposal of these materials increases the likelihood of accidental ignition. 

Awareness of their dangers, along with proper safety measures is crucial to minimising risks and ensuring safety in homes and workplaces.

10 Most Common Combustible Materials

Here are the most common combustible materials, their uses, and associated risks:

Paper

combustible materials paper

Paper is a highly combustible material, primarily due to its thin structure and cellulose content. 

The cellulose fibers in paper make it easy to ignite, and once set on fire, it burns rapidly. 

Paper is one of the most common fire starters found in homes and offices. 

It’s often accumulated as waste in the form of newspapers, magazines, cardboard, and office documents, making it a significant fire risk when exposed to heat sources. 

Paper can easily catch fire if it comes into contact with flames from candles, faulty wiring, or overheated electronics. 

In offices or homes, paper products are typically stacked or stored in areas that could become fire hazards if not carefully managed. 

Straw

Straw, often used in farming as bedding for animals or as feed, is another highly combustible material. 

This dry, fibrous material ignites quickly when exposed to a heat source, which makes it a significant fire hazard. 

Straw is especially dangerous in barns or storage areas, as the dense bundles can create the perfect environment for rapid fire spread. 

A fire starting in a haystack or straw-filled barn can quickly escalate and spread through entire buildings, leading to catastrophic damage. 

In fact, straw is a common cause of barn fires, and these fires often occur when straw is improperly stored or when there is a buildup of heat within large quantities of straw. 

Wood

Wood is one of the most widely used combustible materials, both for construction and as a source of fuel for heating and cooking. 

It burns at high temperatures, and dry wood is especially prone to ignition. 

Wood is commonly used for furniture, flooring, and building materials, but it is also a major fuel source in fireplaces, wood stoves, and campfires. 

Storing wood in dry, well-ventilated areas is critical to prevent unintentional fires. 

For homes that use wood-burning stoves, it is essential to maintain a safe distance between firewood and any other flammable materials, as well as ensuring that the chimney is regularly cleaned to prevent buildup of highly combustible creosote.

Cloth

Cloth, particularly natural fibers like cotton and wool, is another common combustible material found in homes and businesses. 

While cloth generally burns slower than paper, it still poses a fire hazard once it catches fire. 

Cloth is a key component in items like clothing, curtains, bed linens, and upholstery. 

In a fire, clothing can act as fuel, spreading flames across a room rapidly. 

To mitigate the risks associated with cloth, it is essential to keep fabric items away from open flames such as candles, space heaters, or cooking appliances. 

Coal / Charcoal

Coal and charcoal are fuels commonly used in barbecues, fireplaces, and industrial applications due to their ability to burn steadily and produce significant heat. 

However, both coal and charcoal are highly combustible materials. 

They require proper handling and storage to avoid spontaneous combustion, which can occur when stored improperly. 

When coal or charcoal is exposed to heat, it can begin to smolder and eventually catch fire. 

To prevent this, coal or charcoal should always be stored in cool, dry areas away from flammable liquids or materials.

Cooking Oil

combustible materials cooking oil

Cooking oil is commonly used in cooking and is a combustible liquid. 

While it may not ignite as easily as some flammable liquids like petrol, oil can still catch fire if it reaches its flash point or is exposed to high heat. 

When cooking oil is overheated, it can ignite and burn rapidly, making it difficult to extinguish with water. 

It is important to monitor oil temperatures and avoid overfilling cooking appliances. 

If cooking oil begins to smoke heavily, it should be removed from heat immediately.

Grease

Grease, a byproduct of cooking oil, is another highly combustible material, often found in kitchens and machinery. 

Grease fires are especially hazardous because water can exacerbate the flames and spread the fire. 

In kitchens, grease can accumulate in stove hoods, exhaust fans, and cooking appliances, creating fire risks if not cleaned regularly. 

In industrial settings, grease is often used in machinery and can ignite if exposed to heat or sparks. 

Lubricants

Lubricants like motor oil and industrial greases are essential for reducing friction in machinery, but they are also combustible. 

Improper storage or exposure to heat can cause lubricants to catch fire, particularly in industrial or mechanical environments where sparks or high temperatures are common. 

To safely store lubricants, they should be kept in sealed containers and away from heat or open flames. 

It’s also important to keep storage areas well-ventilated and to follow manufacturer recommendations for handling and disposal to reduce fire risks.

Kerosene

Kerosene, used as a liquid fuel for heating, lighting, and in aviation, is a highly combustible material. 

While it is less volatile than petrol, it can still cause significant fire hazards. 

Kerosene should always be stored in approved containers designed for flammable liquids. 

In homes, kerosene lamps and heaters must be handled with care, and the fuel should never be stored near heat sources. 

Diesel

Diesel is another commonly used combustible liquid, found in transportation and heavy machinery. 

While it is less flammable than petrol, it can still cause significant fires if not handled properly. 

Diesel fires can escalate quickly if fuel spills or leaks occur near heat sources. 

Diesel should always be stored in proper containers and kept away from sparks or open flames. 

How Can Combustible Materials Be Used or Stored Safely?

storing combustible materials safely

Proper handling and storage of combustible materials are essential to prevent fires and ensure safety. 

Here are some practical tips for their safe use and storage:

Use Approved Containers

Store combustible liquids in containers specifically designed for flammable substances. 

These containers should be leak-proof, clearly labeled, and kept sealed when not in use.

Maintain Proper Ventilation

Store materials like coal, charcoal, and lubricants in well-ventilated areas to prevent heat buildup. 

This reduces the risk of spontaneous combustion.

Keep Away from Heat Sources

Ensure combustible items are stored far from open flames, heaters, or electrical appliances. 

Even indirect heat can cause materials like straw or cloth to ignite.

Avoid Overloading Storage Areas

Avoid piling materials too high, as this can trap heat and increase fire risks.

Regular Inspections

Check for leaks, damage, or signs of overheating in storage areas. 

Repair or replace damaged containers promptly.

Have Fire Extinguishers Nearby

Place appropriate fire extinguishers, and other fire suppression equipment near storage areas.

What is the Difference Between Flammable and Combustible Materials?

The primary difference between flammable and combustible materials lies in their ignition temperature. 

This determines how easily they catch fire under certain conditions.

Flammable Materials

Flammable materials ignite easily at lower temperatures, typically below 37.8°C (100°F). 

These materials can catch fire with minimal heat or a small spark, making them more hazardous. 

Due to their high volatility, flammable materials require stringent handling and storage conditions, such as being stored in sealed containers away from heat sources.

Combustible Materials

Combustible materials require higher temperatures, typically above 37.8°C, to ignite. 

Although they are less volatile than flammable materials, they still pose significant fire risks if improperly handled. 

While not as easily ignited, combustible materials can fuel large fires once they start.

Both flammable and combustible materials can be hazardous, but understanding their differences helps ensure proper storage, handling, and fire safety precautions.

What are Non-Combustible Materials?

non combustible materials

Non-combustible materials are substances that do not ignite, burn, or support combustion under normal conditions. 

These materials are often used in construction, manufacturing, and safety applications due to their fire-resistant properties.

Characteristics of Non-Combustible Materials

Non-combustible materials can withstand high temperatures without catching fire or emitting toxic gases. 

They do not contribute to the spread of fire and are considered safe for use in environments where fire risk is a concern.

Examples of Non-Combustible Materials

Metal

Steel and aluminum are widely used in construction due to their durability and fire resistance.

Concrete

A common choice for buildings, it resists heat and provides structural integrity during fires.

Glass

Certain types, like tempered or fire-rated glass, can endure high heat without breaking.

Brick and Stone

These materials are naturally resistant to fire and commonly used in construction.

Conclusion

You should now have more of an understanding of the most common combustible materials.

Understanding combustible materials and their risks is essential for safety. 

By following safety protocols and training, using appropriate fire extinguishers, and ensuring proper storage, the dangers of combustion can be minimised. 

Awareness and preparedness are key to preventing fires and protecting lives and property.

These equipment failures are putting cargo ships at risk, says Survitec

by Breaking NewsFire SuppressionIFSJ ExclusivesPorts & MaritimeSafety

Survitec reveals the most common equipment and servicing failures found on commercial cargo ships—and why addressing them is more urgent than ever

Fires are a common occurrence in commercial shipping, and they occur almost weekly in the container shipping segment.

The latest figures from insurer Allianz highlight the extent of the problem, as while the number of ships lost across the industry is now at a record low, there has still been 55 total losses caused by fires in the past five years. Over 200 fire incidents were reported in 2023 alone.

Industry analysts have pointed to the use of new alternative fuels, the carriage of lithium-ion battery cargoes, and a reported increase in mis-declared dangerous cargoes, especially hazardous containerised cargoes, as being contributing factors.

Metkel Yohannes, Director of Service and Rental Solutions at Survitec, believes that inadequate fire safety inspections are a less obvious but just as important underlying cause.

“The economic downturn and the emphasis on cost reduction post-Covid have had a negative impact on fire safety,” says Yohannes. “We know from experience that some ship owners and operators are maintaining and inspecting safety equipment themselves as a way of making their budgets stretch further. Crew training is also being negatively impacted. We’re finding basic errors and oversights that do not become apparent until either the ship fails an inspection and is detained – or there is a fire.”

Small oversights, big problems: Lessons from inspections

As an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and fire safety expert, Survitec is often called upon to investigate problems or faults with fire safety equipment. Their specialist fire safety technicians routinely find deficiencies in the routine maintenance and testing of safety-critical equipment that then impact system performance, even leading to equipment failure in some cases.

For instance, Survitec was called out to a vessel after an engine room fire. The crew had managed to extinguish the fire but suspected there was a fault with their high expansion foam firefighting system. The cause of the fault was a blockage in the system. The crew had installed a new foam pump and forgotten to remove one of the protective caps.

Survitec often finds issues that indicate insufficient training or a lack of expertise. For example, the foam proportioner on a high expansion foam system should be removed and inspected regularly, yet Survitec will often find membranes are damaged or broken, which impacts the delivery of foam to the system.

Another common mistake is to mix different types or brands of firefighting foam. When this happens, the foam becomes contaminated. In one inspection of the foam tank for a helideck system, Survitec found the foam had changed from a liquid state to an almost sponge-like, gelatinous state.

The system was therefore inoperable and required major work – and considerable expense – to remove the contaminated foam, deep-clean the system, and recharge it. Fortunately, in this instance, the fault was discovered and rectified before the ship had cause to use the system, because the system would certainly have failed had there been a fire.

The backbone of safety: Routine equipment inspections

Rigorous fire safety inspections of fixed firefighting systems play a vital role in ensuring the safety of a vessel and its crew. Survitec reports that many, if not most, of the inspections they perform reveal issues that require immediate corrective measures.

Furthermore, issues related to poor maintenance or superficial inspections will generally be found across multiple systems, not just one system. For example, valves that have corroded and do not open or close properly can be a common issue across all systems.

This erosion of standards correlates directly with a troubling rise in fire safety-related deficiencies recorded on board ships in recent years. The resulting increase in ship detentions following port state control inspections underscores the real-world consequences of these lapses in safety practices.

Yohannes says: “We clearly see evidence of a slip in standards when it comes to basic safety practices. Approval stamps are being applied to fire systems and appliances that would or should not pass inspection.

“There should be more oversight, more governance, and better quality control procedures. Shipowners and managers need accredited service partners they can trust.”

Technical Sales Manager at Survitec, Jan-Oskar Lid, confirms that while paperwork might indicate that a service inspection has been carried out, the levels of wear and tear on the equipment can sometimes suggest otherwise. “Some issues are self-evident – for example, the rust on a valve or a fire extinguisher is clear to see, but other issues are less obvious and can have catastrophic consequences.”

Lid quotes an example. In early 2024 a bulk carrier left port, having just completed a fire safety inspection and received full certification from a local service provider. Shortly after leaving port, a fire started in the engine room.

The crew released the CO2 system, which had just been inspected and approved, yet more than half the cylinders failed to activate. The fire was eventually extinguished but there was significant damage to the vessel, with costs of US$2-3 million for off-hire and repairs.

Lid also points out that this is not just an issue for older vessels. Inspections are just as essential for new vessels, to verify that new equipment is fully operational. For example, a CO2 system will be disabled, for safety, while a ship remains in the shipyard.

It is not uncommon for Survitec service technicians to discover that a new ship has been sailing without a functioning CO2 firefighting system, because the pilot hoses for the main control valves and release cabinets have not yet been reconnected, and safety pins are still in place.

Procuring the right parts

The procurement of spare and replacement parts can also be a challenge for ship owners and operators. Without the relevant training or expertise, it can be difficult for purchasing personnel to recognise low-quality or counterfeit parts, or even the “right” part.

High pressure hoses for CO2 fire extinguishing systems are a key example. Hoses approved for use on a high-pressure CO2 system can be distinguished by the pin pricks that run along the length of the hose, and by the Type Approval Test certificate details which will be stamped into the crimping neck, as mandated by the class societies. Poor-quality or counterfeit parts will not have these features, but the purchaser needs to know what to look for.

Revised guidelines for the maintenance and inspection of CO2 systems were published in 2021 (MSC 1318 Rev.1), to help protect seafarers against the dangers of leaking gas. Yet, safety inspections often uncover serious issues.

Hydraulic hoses are often mistaken for high-pressure hoses and improperly used in CO2 systems, risking failure under pressure. Deviations from datasheet specifications, ill-fitting hoses forced with copper washers, over-crimping, blocked or peeling hoses, and the use of multiple connections—all contrary to best practices—highlight lapses in inspection and maintenance routines.

Evaluating service provider credentials

Survey reports from Survitec’s global network of service engineers indicate declining crew competencies and skills in this respect, possibly due in part to the seafarer shortage but also the challenge of keeping on top of the various rules and regulations.

As Yohannes explains: “Service requirements are complex and varied. The International Maritime Organisation’s (IMO) MSC 1432. MSC 1432 is effectively a baseline for servicing. The vessel class and flag may specify additional or stricter requirements, and the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) may have their own requirements too.

“Requirements will also vary depending on the service interval. Specialist fire safety service providers therefore invest heavily in training to provide for this.”

However, it is not always easy to identify the reputable providers. There can be a wide disparity in service quality between service providers. As Lid explains: “Cost can be the determining factor when selecting a service provider, especially when different providers boast the same approvals. Some providers may compete by undercutting their competitors, but they can often only do this by cutting corners.

“They may not invest in training to the same degree, so their technicians may lack knowledge of the different rules and regulations or the requirements for all the different brands.

“They may not even have all the equipment required to complete the inspection beyond a cursory visual check. In extreme cases, certificates may even be issued without an engineer setting foot onboard the vessel.”

Finding a provider you can trust

In its 2024 white paper Why are the fires not going out? Survitec highlights the importance of proactive measures and robust maintenance practices to ensure fire safety systems operate effectively in critical situations, also offering practical advice on what shipping companies should look for in their fire safety providers, and how to assess competency.

As Yohannes maintains, specialist fire safety service providers can play a crucial role in supporting proper and effective maintenance and testing on board ship, however trust is key. “Currently, there are no quality benchmarks, and no training standards in place to help determine competencies,” says Yohannes.

“As an industry, we should review current practices and decide: do we need more oversight, more governance, better quality control procedures around servicing and approvals?

“Ship owners and operators need accredited service partners they can trust. Anything less is not just a false economy, it’s potentially dangerous.”

Why Are the Fires Not Going Out?

Survitec’s recent white paper, Why Are the Fires Not Going Out? explores these key considerations in greater detail, offering practical advice on evaluating providers’ expertise, compliance with safety standards, and ability to deliver effective, long-term solutions. Download your free copy at survitecgroup.com

This article was originally published in the February 2025 issue of International Fire & Safety Journal – to read your FREE digital copy, click here.

FLIR enhances port security at DP World Yarimca in Turkey

by Featured NewsFire DetectionPorts & MaritimeProjects

Security challenges at DP World Yarimca

DP World Yarimca, one of Turkey’s largest container terminals, has deployed FLIR security solutions to monitor and enhance safety at the port.

The port faces frequent security risks, including illegal fishing, diving, and mussel poaching, which interfere with operations and pose safety hazards.

These activities can also damage the port’s infrastructure, including its cathodic protection system, which prevents corrosion of submerged structures.

Ismail Karaçam, HSSE Manager at DP World Yarimca, said: “Mussel poachers prevent us from efficiently monitoring our port activity and they potentially interrupt our operations.”

Illegal divers and fishermen have also been found in vessel maneuvering areas, causing delays in berthing and departures, which affects supply chain efficiency.

Deploying FLIR cameras for enhanced monitoring

DP World Yarimca selected FLIR security technology after reviewing its options in collaboration with Turkish distributor and integrator IRMARINETECH.

Koray Serbest, founder of IRMARINETECH, said: “We had successfully completed port security projects in Turkey before.

“This already instilled confidence with the team of DP World that we could meet their needs.”

FLIR’s thermal and visible camera systems provide improved monitoring during nighttime and in poor weather conditions.

The port installed various FLIR cameras, including the FC-Series ID analytical camera, the Saros dome camera, and the M232 pan/tilt marine thermal camera.

These enable continuous surveillance of the port’s 800-metre shoreline and a 200-metre perimeter at sea.

Karaçam added: “With the thermal cameras from FLIR, we can now monitor any illegal activity at night, in challenging weather conditions like rain or fog, and from a long distance.”

Port-wide security applications

Beyond detecting intruders, the FLIR cameras also support man-overboard monitoring and oil spill detection.

Security patrols use the FLIR Scion thermal handheld camera to detect individuals hiding in unlit areas beneath the port’s berths.

For broader perimeter security and container area monitoring, DP World Yarimca employs a combination of FLIR Quasar panoramic and PTZ cameras.

These solutions help the port maintain uninterrupted operations while securing both land and sea areas.

The decision to implement FLIR systems was based on their ability to provide high-quality imaging over long distances.

DP World Yarimca also benefits from local technical support via IRMARINETECH, ensuring minimal downtime and quick maintenance when required.

Future developments in security technology

DP World Yarimca continues to explore further applications of FLIR technology to strengthen port security.

The port is considering deploying thermal boom cameras on cranes to improve surveillance around vessels.

Additionally, the port is evaluating thermal fire detection cameras to identify early signs of heat build-up.

FLIR FH-Series R cameras, which can detect small temperature changes, could help prevent fires before they escalate, alerting operators through an integrated video management system for rapid response.

A security manager at DP World Yarimca said: “We want to guarantee continued security to our customers, which means that we just cannot afford technical downtime.”

FLIR enhances port security at DP World Yarimca in Turkey: Summary

DP World Yarimca, a major container terminal in Turkey, has implemented FLIR security solutions to monitor and secure its port operations.

The port faces challenges such as illegal fishing, mussel poaching, and intrusions into vessel maneuvering areas.

FLIR’s thermal and visible camera systems provide enhanced surveillance capabilities, improving monitoring in low visibility conditions.

The cameras help detect intruders, support man-overboard response, and monitor oil spills.

The port has deployed FLIR’s FC-Series ID, Saros dome, M232 pan/tilt marine cameras, and Quasar PTZ cameras for perimeter and container area monitoring.

The integration of these solutions has improved security and operational efficiency.

DP World Yarimca is exploring additional security applications, including thermal boom cameras for crane-mounted surveillance and thermal fire detection systems for early warning.

The partnership with local distributor IRMARINETECH ensures continued technical support for the port’s security infrastructure.

North Wales Fire & Rescue voice support for Register My Appliance Week

by Featured NewsHealth and SafetyUtilities

North Wales Fire and Rescue Service is supporting Register My Appliance Week (20-26 January 2025) and is urging all households to register these machines, small or large, to ensure their brands know where to find them.

Whether machines are newly-purchased, long-installed, have been acquired ‘nearly-new’ or second-hand, registration is needed to help ensure the longest possible safe lifespan.

According to research, households could be missing out on important safety information because they have yet to register over 40 million large appliances in use in their homes.

With an estimated 133 million fridges, washing machines and ovens in use in UK homes, nearly a third of household have never or rarely registered their large appliances, rendering them extremely hard to trace if a safety repair is ever needed.

Survey on household appliances

A new survey by OnePoll for the Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Appliances (AMDEA) found that two thirds (68%) of baby boomers said they could not live without their washing machine, closely followed by Gen X (67%). Millennials differed, however, with 56% valuing equally their washer and fridge.

Inter-generational harmony was shown over the impact washing machines had on domestic life with more than half (58%) agreeing it was significant. High regard was also given to vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, fridges and freezers.

The survey by OnePoll also revealed products once considered luxury items are now regarded as everyday necessities by younger generations. Two thirds of Gen Z considered hair tongs, tumble dryers and air fryers as necessities rather than luxury items. By contrast, however, nearly half (47%) of Gen X (just two ‘generations’ older) consider the trusty tumble dryer an extravagance.

Head of Prevention, North Wales Fire and Rescue, Kevin Jones’ statement

Kevin Jones, Head of Prevention for North Wales Fire and Rescue said : “We all value how appliances have changed our lives and are excited by how smart and efficient tech makes chores easier. However, it’s important to ensure these machines we use everyday are registered. It’s quick as well as absolutely free, and means you will be the first to know if a safety repair is ever needed. Just a few minutes well spent will ensure you can enjoy the machine’s perks without sacrificing safety.”

Recalls on home appliances are rare but issues with the equipment can develop over time and a simple, free in-home adjustment by a qualified engineer can ensure a longer and safer life for machines. But, unlike our cars for which logging details is mandatory, a vast number of these valuable possessions are still untraceable because they are unregistered.

Register My Appliance Week backed by North Wales Fire & Rescue Service: Summary

The North Wales Fire and Rescue Service has announced their support for Register My Appliance Week, taking part over the 20-26 January 2025. Registering your household appliance is necessary for a longer lifespan and to optimise user safety.

ASFP launches new ASFP Yellow Book

by ConstructionFeatured News

The Association for Specialist Fire Protection (ASFP) has announced the release of the 6th Edition of the Yellow Book: Fire protection for structural steel in buildings. The book contains guidance on the fire protection of structural steelwork, necessary to ensure compliance with building regulations whilst supporting the industry with advice.

The Yellow Book, designed to act as a guide for structural steel fire protection, has undergone changes to better serve its users. The latest edition introduces developments designed to enhance usability, improve clarity and align with the latest assessment methods and structural design standards.

In a move designed to cater to the specific needs of different users, the Yellow Book is being divided into three distinct volumes:

  • Volume 1: Aimed at designers, specifiers and installers of structural steel fire protection, focuses on best practices in system design and material specification.
  • Volume 2: Dedicated to the testing and assessment of intumescent coatings.
  • Volume 3: Covers the testing and assessment of other passive fire protection materials and systems, such as boards, batts, mortars, and sprays.

Volume 1 is available for immediate release due to its introduction of several changes, while Volumes 2 and 3 are currently under development and will be released soon.

Changes introduced in the newly released Volume 1 include:

  • Simplified default critical temperatures: In response to industry feedback, the 6th Edition introduces a simplified default critical temperature table, replacing the complex tables from the 5th Edition. The revised table aligns with the UK National Annex of BS EN 1993-1-2:2005 Eurocode 3, providing a streamlined approach to structural fire design. Temperatures are now lower than the traditional 550°C / 620°C referenced in earlier editions, reflecting modern design advice and enhancing clarity for users.
  • New approach for cellular beams: The 6th Edition adopts a revised method for calculating protection thicknesses for beams with web openings (cell beams). This includes using 500°C as the default critical temperature in the absence of a specified value, designed to create consistency with the latest structural design practices.

To promote an easier transition for users, the ASFP will continue to host both the 5th and 6th Editions on its website, enabling industry professionals to access the guidance they need while Volumes 2 and 3 of the 6th Edition are finalised.

ASFP has announced the release of the 6th Edition of their Yellow Book: Summary

ASFP launch new 6th Edition of their Yellow Book: Fire protection for structural steel in buildings. The resource contains guidance on the fire protection of structural steelwork, promoting compliance with building regulations and providing advice to readers.

EcoOnline ongoing partnership enhances Menzies Aviation’s safety

by AviationFeatured NewsProjectsSafety

EcoOnline’s EHS system supports safer airport operations

EcoOnline is celebrating its partnership with Menzies Aviation, in place since 2019, for its enhancement of the company’s MORSE system.

This system focuses on safety and compliance across Menzies’ global network, which operates at over 295 airports in 65 countries.

Malcolm Rae, Head of Risk Systems & Data at Menzies, said: “We influence safety from the moment passengers walk into an airport to when they leave.”

EcoOnline said that the partnership has driven data-driven solutions for risk management, compliance tracking, and incident reporting.

Improved safety outcomes through data-driven tools

EcoOnline’s EHS platform, integrated with Menzies’ MORSE system, enables employees to identify and address risks in real time.

Menzies Aviation has reported a 128% increase in hazard reporting since implementing the platform.

Serious personal injury rates have also declined, from 1.8 incidents per 1,000 full-time employees in 2019 to 0.7 in 2023.

Graham Cowing, Vice President of Safety Standards at Menzies, said: “EcoOnline’s platform equips everyone with the tools to report hazards and ensure our people go home safely.”

Leadership commitment to safety

Safety is prioritised at all organisational levels at Menzies, as the company noted that its executives begin every board meeting with a “Take 10 for Safety” discussion.

Real-time dashboards from EcoOnline inform these discussions and keep safety central to decision-making.

Cowing said: “Safety is a core value that starts with leadership. Every executive member is committed to getting involved.” These efforts have reinforced accountability across the organisation.

MORSE Week reinforces global safety commitment

Menzies hosts bi-annual MORSE Week events to promote its safety culture.

The most recent event, held from 28 October to 1 November 2024, focused on emergency response planning.

Employees engaged in tools, support, and team-building opportunities to enhance their commitment to safety.

Tom Goodmanson, CEO of EcoOnline, said: “By prioritising safety and collaboration, Menzies Aviation—together with EcoOnline—is setting new benchmarks for industry standards.”

EcoOnline partnership enhances Menzies Aviation’s safety: Summary

Since partnering with EcoOnline in 2019, Menzies Aviation has achieved notable safety improvements through its MORSE system.

Hazard reporting increased by 128%, and serious personal injury rates decreased significantly.

EcoOnline’s EHS platform empowers employees to identify risks, supporting safety culture across Menzies’ 295 airport locations.

Leadership commitment, including safety-focused board meetings, reinforces these efforts.

MORSE Week events further promote safety through learning and team building.

The partnership reflects Menzies’ ongoing commitment to improving safety standards for employees and customers worldwide.

Different Classifications of Burns Explained

by Health and SafetyHealthcare

Burns are a common injury that can range from mild to severe. 

Understanding the different classifications of burns can help in providing the right treatment and knowing how to prevent them. 

Burns can be caused by a variety of factors, and knowing how to handle them is important for both prevention and care.

In this article, we will explain the different classifications of burns and how they are caused. 

We will also explore the best ways to treat burns and provide helpful tips on preventing them in different situations.

What are the Main Causes of Burns?

causes of burns

Burns can occur in many ways. 

Understanding the different causes helps in both preventing and treating burns effectively. 

Below are the main causes of burns.

Thermal

Thermal burns are caused by exposure to heat sources like fire, hot liquids, steam, or heated surfaces. 

These burns are the most common and can happen in various environments, especially in the kitchen or around open flames. 

Thermal burns can range from mild to severe, depending on the temperature and length of exposure. 

Examples include burns from a hot stove, boiling water, or touching a heated iron.

Cold

Cold burns, also known as frostbite, occur when the skin is exposed to extremely cold temperatures for extended periods. 

These burns damage the skin and tissues, leading to numbness, discoloration, and in severe cases, tissue death. 

Cold burns commonly happen in freezing temperatures or when handling extremely cold objects, such as liquid nitrogen or snow.

Friction

Friction burns happen when skin rubs against a rough surface, generating heat. 

This can occur during physical activities such as running, falling, or using tools like a belt sander. 

The friction generates enough heat to damage the skin’s surface, causing redness, blisters, and pain. 

These burns can be superficial but may cause discomfort and take time to heal.

Radiation

Radiation burns are caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or other sources of radiation. 

Sunburn is a common example of a radiation burn. 

These burns can damage the skin’s DNA, leading to redness, swelling, and peeling. 

Prolonged or intense exposure to radiation can also increase the risk of skin cancer.

Electrical

Electrical burns happen when the body comes into direct contact with an electrical current. 

These burns can cause both external skin damage and internal injuries, depending on the voltage and duration of exposure. 

Electrical burns may occur from faulty appliances, downed power lines, or electrical equipment mishandling. 

The damage can be severe and may require emergency medical attention.

Chemical

Chemical burns occur when the skin comes into contact with corrosive substances like acids, alkalis, or solvents. 

These chemicals can cause deep tissue damage by breaking down cells. 

Chemical burns often happen in industrial or home settings where chemicals are used for cleaning, gardening, or maintenance. 

Immediate washing and neutralising the chemical are essential to minimise damage.

The Different Classifications of Burns

classifications of burns image
Source: Wikipedia

Burns are classified into four different degrees. 

Each degree indicates the severity of the burn and helps determine the appropriate treatment.

First Degree

First-degree burns are the mildest type of burn. 

They affect only the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. 

These burns typically result in redness, pain, and slight swelling. 

A common example of a first-degree burn is a mild sunburn. 

The skin may appear red, and the affected area might feel tender to the touch, but no blisters form. 

First-degree burns usually heal within a few days without permanent damage. 

Second Degree

Second-degree burns are more severe and affect both the epidermis and the second layer of skin, called the dermis. 

These burns can cause intense pain, swelling, and blistering. 

The skin may appear red, shiny, and wet, due to fluid leaking from damaged tissue. 

Second-degree burns can occur from hot liquids, steam, or direct contact with fire. 

The healing process takes longer than first-degree burns and may take up to 2–3 weeks, depending on the severity. 

Third Degree

Third-degree burns are deep burns that extend through all layers of the skin and into the underlying tissues. 

These burns can cause the skin to appear white, charred, or leathery, and they may not be painful initially due to nerve damage. 

However, third-degree burns are extremely serious and can cause permanent damage to the skin and underlying structures. 

Third-degree burns can result from prolonged exposure to fire, hot liquids, electrical sources, or chemicals. 

Immediate medical care is required to treat these burns, as they can lead to severe complications such as infections or shock.

Fourth Degree

Fourth-degree burns are the most severe type of burn, causing deep damage not only to the skin but also to muscles, tendons, and bones. 

These burns destroy all layers of the skin and may also affect the underlying tissue and bone. 

The skin may appear blackened or charred, and there may be no pain in the area due to extensive nerve damage. 

Fourth-degree burns are life-threatening and require immediate medical intervention. 

How are Burns Treated?

how are burns treated

Treatment for burns depends on the degree of the burn and its severity. 

For minor burns, at-home care may be sufficient, while more severe burns require immediate medical attention.

First Degree

First-degree burns are the least severe and typically require minimal treatment. 

The main goal is to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. 

To treat a first-degree burn:

Cool the Burn

Run cool (not cold) water over the burned area for 10-15 minutes or use a cold, wet compress to reduce heat.

Moisturise

After cooling, apply soothing lotions like aloe vera gel or over-the-counter burn creams to prevent the skin from drying out and to alleviate pain.

Pain Relief

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage discomfort.

Protect the Area

Keep the burn clean and covered with a sterile, non-stick bandage to prevent infection.

Hydration

Drink plenty of fluids to help the skin heal.

Second Degree

Second-degree burns involve both the epidermis and dermis, so they require more attention:

Cool the Burn

Similar to first-degree burns, cool the area with cool water to reduce pain and swelling.

Don’t Pop Blisters

If blisters form, don’t pop them, as this can lead to infection. Keep them covered with a sterile bandage.

Moisturise

Apply aloe vera gel or burn creams to soothe the area.

Pain Relief

Use pain medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce pain and swelling.

Medical Care

For larger second-degree burns, or if infection is suspected, seek medical care.

Third Degree

Third-degree burns are much more serious and often require professional medical treatment:

Call Emergency Services

Seek medical attention immediately for third-degree burns.

Cover the Burn

If possible, cover the burn with a clean, dry cloth or sterile bandage.

Don’t Remove Burned Clothing

Avoid removing burned clothing, unless it is smouldering.

Do Not Immerse in Water

For deep burns, do not immerse the area in water as it could cause further damage.

Pain Relief and IV Fluids

Medical staff may provide pain management and IV fluids to prevent dehydration and shock.

Third-degree burns often require surgery, such as skin grafts, and have long recovery times.

Fourth Degree

Fourth-degree burns are life-threatening and require immediate medical intervention:

Call Emergency Services

Fourth-degree burns require immediate attention from healthcare professionals.

Prevent Shock

Keep the patient warm and lay them down with their legs elevated to reduce shock.

Monitor Breathing

Ensure the person is breathing, and if necessary, perform CPR until help arrives.

Treatment for fourth-degree burns involves extensive medical care, including surgery, skin grafts, and possibly amputations, depending on the severity.

How to Help Prevent Different Types of Burns?

prevent types of burns

Many burns can be prevented with careful attention to safety. 

Here are some tips for avoiding burns in various situations.

Thermal Burns

To prevent thermal burns, always handle hot objects with care. 

Use oven mitts or gloves when handling hot pots and pans. 

Ensure that hot liquids or foods are kept away from the edges of counters and tables where they could spill. 

Install and use smoke detectors to alert you of any fire hazards in the home. 

When cooking, never leave the kitchen unattended.

Cold Burns

Cold burns can be avoided by dressing warmly in cold weather. 

Wear layers of clothing, including gloves, hats, scarves, and thermal socks, especially when spending time outdoors in freezing temperatures. 

Avoid prolonged exposure to cold environments, and take regular breaks to warm up. 

Ensure that children and elderly people are properly protected from the cold.

Friction Burns

To prevent friction burns, wear protective gear, such as gloves, elbow pads, or knee pads, when participating in activities that involve physical contact or intense movement, like sports or cycling. 

Make sure footwear is suitable for the environment to prevent slipping and falling, which could cause friction burns.

Radiation Burns

Radiation burns can occur due to prolonged exposure to the sun or other sources of radiation. 

To prevent sunburns, wear sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, seek shade, and wear protective clothing like hats and sunglasses. 

Avoid prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). 

When dealing with other forms of radiation, always follow safety protocols and wear protective clothing or shields.

Electrical Burns

To prevent electrical burns, ensure that all electrical outlets, cords, and devices are in good working condition. 

Keep electrical appliances away from water sources, and never use electrical devices with wet hands. 

Always turn off the power supply before repairing any electrical equipment. 

Install safety covers on outlets to protect children.

Chemical Burns

To prevent chemical burns, always handle chemicals with caution. 

Wear appropriate protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and aprons when working with cleaning products, solvents, or industrial chemicals. 

Store chemicals in a safe location, away from children and pets, and read labels carefully for handling instructions. 

Ensure good ventilation when using strong chemicals

Conclusion

You should now have more of an understanding of the different classifications of burns.

Burns are a common injury, but they can range from minor to life-threatening depending on the severity. 

Understanding the different classifications of burns and knowing how to treat them is essential. 

Whether the burn is caused by heat, cold, chemicals, or friction, timely and proper treatment is crucial.

By practising safety measures in the home and work environment, burns can be prevented. 

Whether cooking, handling chemicals, or enjoying outdoor activities, taking precautions can help keep you and your loved ones safe from burns.

Always remember, if a burn seems severe, it’s important to seek medical help immediately.

PEMA publishes white paper on fire detection and suppression systems for port equipment

by Featured NewsFire DetectionFire SuppressionPorts & MaritimeResearch

Fire detection and suppression systems in mobile port equipment: PEMA white paper insights

The Port Equipment Manufacturers Association (PEMA) has released a white paper titled Fire Detection and Suppression Systems for Mobile Port Equipment.

This document addresses the growing fire risks associated with mobile port machinery and proposes safety measures to mitigate these risks.

The paper discusses the widespread adoption of fire suppression systems, particularly in port equipment using internal combustion engines (ICE) and hybrid or electric systems.

It also examines fire hazards linked to port electrification and autonomous machinery, recommending industry-wide adoption of advanced safety systems.

Challenges in fire suppression for complex port equipment

PEMA’s paper highlights specific challenges in combating fires in intricate port equipment.

Issues like delayed detection in autonomous systems and the complexities of fire management in electrified machinery are outlined.

The report stresses the importance of rapid response and robust fire suppression technologies.

It notes that engine compartments, hydraulic systems, and high-temperature components present critical fire hazards, requiring advanced detection and suppression measures.

Environmental impact of firefighting in port environments

The document examines the environmental repercussions of using traditional fire suppression methods in ports.

It focuses on the contaminated extinguishing water produced during firefighting and its potential harm to marine ecosystems.

PEMA advocates for eco-friendly fire suppression systems and containment strategies to minimise environmental damage.

Recommendations include employing biodegradable agents and establishing filtration systems to prevent pollutants from entering waterways.

Recommendations for enhanced safety measures

The white paper calls for comprehensive fire safety protocols in ports.

It recommends installing advanced fire suppression systems across all equipment, particularly in high-risk areas.

PEMA emphasises the need for collaboration between manufacturers, port operators, and safety authorities to establish consistent safety standards.

It also highlights the importance of regular maintenance and adherence to emerging regulatory frameworks to ensure system reliability.

Fire detection and suppression systems in mobile port equipment: Summary

PEMA’s white paper, Fire Detection and Suppression Systems for Mobile Port Equipment, examines the rising fire risks in port operations.

The document identifies the need for advanced fire suppression systems, particularly in engine compartments and electrified machinery.

It discusses environmental concerns related to firefighting and suggests implementing eco-friendly systems to mitigate ecological damage.

The paper recommends mandatory installation of suppression systems, regular maintenance, and enhanced industry collaboration to improve safety standards.